diarrhea and intra-abdominal infections

Question 1

what bacteria is found in fecal flora?

Answer 1

coliforms, enterococci, anaerobes

Question 2

what bacteria are found in the respiratory flora?

Answer 2

coccobacilli and anaerobes

Question 3

what is Heliobacter pylori?

Answer 3

spiral g- rods that causes gastritis (and potentially stomach cancer) and are protected from stomach acid by urease

Question 4

what are types of food poisoning?

Answer 4

toxin ingested with no viable organism
viable organisms making toxin in body

Question 5

what are common bacteria that cause food poisoning?

Answer 5

S. aureus - puke and shit for short period
Bacillus cereus - puke and shit from spores sitting out after reheating
Clostridium perfringens - shitting after a while
botulism - die :(

Question 6

what is botulism?

Answer 6

long-acting neurotoxin that causes paralysis and DEATH

Question 7

what are the types of abdominal infections?

Answer 7

superficial invasion
deep invasion
no toxin-producing infections
intraabdominal

Question 8

what are no toxin-producing infections?

Answer 8

coat bowel to prevent absorption of nutrients
example: giardia

Question 9

what are superficial invasions?

Answer 9

bowel ulcerations and bleeds, little diarrhea with pus/blood
bowel perforation can occur if severe

Question 10

what are superficial invasions caused by?

Answer 10

cytotoxin toxins like E. coli O157 and EHEC, shigella, Clostridiodes difficile

Question 11

what is superficial infection caused by E. coli?

Answer 11

attacks colon and kidney, is transmitted through food, antibiotics are contraindicated (they cause toxin release)

Question 12

what is superficial invasion caused by shigella?

Answer 12

common where there are poor sewage systems
use antibiotics to treat and hand hygiene to prevent

Question 13

what is C. diff?

Answer 13

G+ anaerobic rod bacteria that can be carried by healthy patients (common in hospitals)
causes watery diarrhea that can causes caloric distention (toxic mega-colon) and rupture

Question 14

what is superficial infection caused campylobacter jejumi/coli?

Answer 14

found in unpasteurized milk and poultry
is common
usually doesn’t require treatment
usues erythromycin for immunocompromised or very young/old patients

Question 15

what are deep infections?

Answer 15

infections that can enter the blood stream and cause enteric fever

Question 16

what causes typhoid and enteric fever?

Answer 16

salmonella typhi
yersinia entercolitica

Question 17

what is salomella?

Answer 17

salmonella typhi and partyphi A/B cause typhoid and enteric fever, others cause less severe illness
found in poultry, eggs, pet reptiles
>2500 serotypes that are used to track and identify

Question 18

what is yersinia?

Answer 18

slow growing (grows best at fridge temps),
associated with pigs
can mimick appendicitis

Question 19

what are intraabdominal infections?

Answer 19

when fecal flora in sterile abdominal cavity that causes periodontitis which can result in sepsis and abscesses (that need to be drained)

Question 20

what causes intraabdominal infections?

Answer 20

monomicrobial - S. pnuemoniae, M. tuberculus, or polymicrobial
may be a complication of peritoneal dialysis