history

Question 1

what did Leeuwenhoek do?

Answer 1

in 1674 - observed bacteria and called them”animalcules”

Question 2

what did Jenner do?

Answer 2

1798 - creates first vaccine (smallpox)

Question 3

what did Semmelweis do?

Answer 3

1850 - blamed “cadaverous particles” for mom mortality and suggested hand-washing

Question 4

what did Pasteur do?

Answer 4

1860s - develops pasteurization and furthers germ theory

Question 5

what did Lister do?

Answer 5

1870s - uses “antisepsis” for surgical infections

Question 6

what did Koch do?

Answer 6

1876 - proves anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis

Question 7

what did Hesse do?

Answer 7

1881 - suggests agar to grow bacterial cultures

Question 8

what happened in the 17th-19th centuries?

Answer 8

spontaneous generation was slowly disproved, ultimately by pasteur and tyndal

Question 9

what happened in 1880-1900?

Answer 9

the “golden age of microbiology” where many pathogens were identified

Question 10

what happened in the 1940s?

Answer 10

the development of antibiotics with Fleming discovering penicillin AND widespread immunization

Question 11

what happened in the 1980s?

Answer 11

molecular techniques for diagnosis and engineering

Question 12

what is the point of Koch’s Postulates?

Answer 12

to establish and organism as the causes of a disease

Question 13

what does Koch’s postulates require?

Answer 13

• organism must be found in all cases of infection
• must isolate and grow in pure culture
• organisms from pure culture must reproduce disease in a susceptible healthy animal
• organism must be again isolated from experimentally infected animal