UTI Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary tract include?

A

Kidneys, ureter and bladder

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2
Q

What is acute pyelonephritis?

A

Infection affecting the tissue of the kidney

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3
Q

What can acute pyelonephritis lead to?

A

Scarring in the tissue and consequently a reduction in kidney function.

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4
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the bladder

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5
Q

What could be the only sign of a UTI in young children?

A

A fever

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6
Q

How do babies present with a UTI?

A
Non-specific signs
•	Fever
•	Lethargy
•	Irritability
•	Vomiting
•	Poor feeding
•	Urinary frequency
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7
Q

How do young children present with UTI’s?

A
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain, particularly suprapubic pain
  • Dysuria (painful urination)
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8
Q

What can the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis be made based on?

A

• A temperature greater than 38°C
or
• Loin pain or tenderness

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9
Q

What is preferable in terms of a urine sample?

A

A clean catch

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10
Q

What can be used if it isn’t possible to get a clean catch of urine?

A

Urine collection pads

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11
Q

What would you look for in the urine that would indicate a UTI?

A

Nitrites

Leukocytes

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12
Q

What is the management of an infant less than 3 months?

A

Refer immediately to a paediatrician

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13
Q

What should a child admitted to hospital under 3 months be given?

A

IV antibiotics (e.g. ceftriaxone)

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14
Q

What is the management of children aged more than 3 months old with an upper UTI?

A
  • Considered for admission to hospital.

* If not admitted oral antibiotics such as cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav should be given for 7-10 days

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15
Q

What oral antibiotics would you give to a child over 3 months with an upper UTI?

A

Cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav should be given for 7-10 days

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16
Q

How long are the antibiotics given for a child over 3 months?

A

7-10 days

17
Q

What is the management of children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?

A

Oral antibiotics for 3 days, usually trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporin or amoxicillin.

18
Q

How long are oral antibiotics given to children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?

A

3 days

19
Q

Which oral antibiotics given to children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?

A

Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Cephalosporin
Amoxicillin.

20
Q

When are prophylactic antibiotics given?

A

Not after the first UTI

Give if they have recurrent UTI’s

21
Q

What are the possible complications of a UTI?

A

Renal scarring and CKD
Sepsis

22
Q

What is considered an atypical UTI?

A

Poor urine flow
Abdominal or bladder mass
Raised creatinine
Septicaemia
Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48 hours
Infection with non-E. coli organisms

23
Q

What scna might you consider doing if the child has an atypical UTI?

A

Ultrasound scan

24
Q

What can a Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy scan be used for?

A

Check for renal scarring
Can be done until at least 4 months after the UTI