UTI Flashcards
What does the urinary tract include?
Kidneys, ureter and bladder
What is acute pyelonephritis?
Infection affecting the tissue of the kidney
What can acute pyelonephritis lead to?
Scarring in the tissue and consequently a reduction in kidney function.
What is cystitis?
Inflammation of the bladder
What could be the only sign of a UTI in young children?
A fever
How do babies present with a UTI?
Non-specific signs • Fever • Lethargy • Irritability • Vomiting • Poor feeding • Urinary frequency
How do young children present with UTI’s?
- Fever
- Abdominal pain, particularly suprapubic pain
- Dysuria (painful urination)
What can the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis be made based on?
• A temperature greater than 38°C
or
• Loin pain or tenderness
What is preferable in terms of a urine sample?
A clean catch
What can be used if it isn’t possible to get a clean catch of urine?
Urine collection pads
What would you look for in the urine that would indicate a UTI?
Nitrites
Leukocytes
What is the management of an infant less than 3 months?
Refer immediately to a paediatrician
What should a child admitted to hospital under 3 months be given?
IV antibiotics (e.g. ceftriaxone)
What is the management of children aged more than 3 months old with an upper UTI?
- Considered for admission to hospital.
* If not admitted oral antibiotics such as cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav should be given for 7-10 days
What oral antibiotics would you give to a child over 3 months with an upper UTI?
Cephalosporin or co-amoxiclav should be given for 7-10 days
How long are the antibiotics given for a child over 3 months?
7-10 days
What is the management of children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?
Oral antibiotics for 3 days, usually trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporin or amoxicillin.
How long are oral antibiotics given to children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?
3 days
Which oral antibiotics given to children aged more than 3 months old with a lower UTI?
Trimethoprim
Nitrofurantoin
Cephalosporin
Amoxicillin.
When are prophylactic antibiotics given?
Not after the first UTI
Give if they have recurrent UTI’s
What are the possible complications of a UTI?
Renal scarring and CKD
Sepsis
What is considered an atypical UTI?
Poor urine flow
Abdominal or bladder mass
Raised creatinine
Septicaemia
Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48 hours
Infection with non-E. coli organisms
What scna might you consider doing if the child has an atypical UTI?
Ultrasound scan
What can a Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy scan be used for?
Check for renal scarring
Can be done until at least 4 months after the UTI
