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Paediatrics 1 > Pertussis (whooping cough) > Flashcards

Pertussis (whooping cough) Flashcards

1
Q

What is pertussis?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

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2
Q

What is the main cause of pertussis?

A

Bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

What type of bacteria causes is bordetella pertussis?

A

A gram negative bacteria

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4
Q

Why is pertussis also called whooping cough?

A

Children make a loud whooping sound as they forcefully suck in air after the coughing finishes.

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5
Q

What usually precedes the onset of pertussis?

A

Coryzal symptoms for 2-3 days

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6
Q

What are the presenting features of pertussis?

A

Coughing bouts
Inspiratory whoop
Spells of apnoea
Symptoms may last 10-14 weeks*

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7
Q

When are the coughing bouts worse?

A

At night and after feeding

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8
Q

What are the coughing bouts associated with?

A

Vomiting

Central cyanosis

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9
Q

What is the inspiratory whoop due to?

A

Forced inspiration against a closed glottis

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10
Q

What could persistent coughing cause?

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhages or even anoxia leading to syncope & seizures

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11
Q

How can pertussis be diagnosed?

A

Clinically- main
Per nasal swab culture for Bordetella pertussis
PCR and serology

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12
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for pertussis?

A

Whooping cough and one or more of the following features:
• Paroxysmal cough.
• Inspiratory whoop.
• Post-tussive vomiting.
• Undiagnosed apnoeic attacks in young infants.

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13
Q

When should a whooping cough be suspected?

A

If a person has an acute cough that has lasted for 14 days or more without another apparent cause

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14
Q

What is the main complication of pertussis?

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

Who should be admitted with pertussis?

A

Children under 6 months

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16
Q

Who needs to be notified if there is a case of pertussis?

A

Public health- it is a notifiable disease

17
Q

When would you give medication for pertussis?

A

If the onset of the cough is within the previous 21 days to eradicate the organism and reduce the spread

18
Q

What medical management can be used for pertussis?

A

An oral macrolide

19
Q

What are examples of an oral macrolide that can be used in the management of pertussis?

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin

20
Q

What is an alternative to an oral macrolide?

A

Co-trimoxazole

21
Q

What should household contacts of someone with pertussis be offered?

A

Antibiotic prophylaxis

22
Q

Should a child with pertussis be excluded from school?

A

Yes

48 hours after commencing antibiotics

Paediatrics 1 (59 decks)

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