Atrial Septal Defect Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atrial septal defect?

A

A defect (a hole) in the septum (the wall) between the two atria

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2
Q

How does the blood move with an atrial septal defect?

A

From the left atrium to the right atrium because the pressure in the left atrium is greater

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3
Q

Why does blood move form the left atrium to the right atrium?

A

Because the pressure in the left atrium is greater

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4
Q

What does the increased flow to the right side of the heart lead to?

A

Right sided overload and right heart strain.

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5
Q

What can right sided overload result in?

A

Right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.

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6
Q

What can pulmonary hypertension eventually lead to?

A

Eisenmenger syndrome.

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of atrial septal defect?

A

Ostium secondum

Ostium primum

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8
Q

What is the more common type of atrial septal defect?

A

Ostium secondum

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9
Q

What is Ostium secondum?

A

The septum secondum fails to fully close, leaving a hole in the wall.

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10
Q

What type of murmur does an atrial septal defect present with?

A

Ejection systolic murmur

Fixed splitting of S2

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11
Q

What can occur with an atrial septal defect resulting in a stroke?

A

Embolism may pass from venous system to left side of heart causing a stroke

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12
Q

How are atrial septal defects normally picked up?

A

Antenatal scans

New born examinations

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13
Q

How do atrial septal defects normally present in childhood?

A

Asymptomatically

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14
Q

How can an atrial septal defect present in childhood?

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Difficulty feeding
  • Poor weight gain
  • Lower respiratory tract infections
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15
Q

What is the management of a small and asymptomatic defect?

A

Watching and waiting

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16
Q

How can an atrial septal defect be corrected?

A

Surgically using a transvenous catheter closure (via the femoral vein) or open heart surgery.

17
Q

Which vein is used for a transvenous catheter closure?

A

Femoral vein

18
Q

Which medication might you give an adult with an ASD?

A

Anticoagulants- Aspirin, Warfarin and NOACs

19
Q

What are anticoagulants used for?

A

To reduce the risk of clots and stroke in adults

20
Q

What complication of ASD might present in adulthood?

A

Stroke due to VTE

21
Q

What is associated with Ostium secundum?

A

Holt-Oram syndrome (tri-phalangeal thumbs)

22
Q

What might you see on an ECG in someone with Ostium Secundum?

A

ECG: RBBB with RAD

Right Bundle Branch Block with Right Axial Deviation