Pulmonary Valve Stenosis Flashcards
What is the cause of pulmonary stenosis?
Leaflets of the pulmonary valve can develop abnormally, becoming thickened or fused.
This results in a narrow opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
What is pulmonary valve stenosis associated with?
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- William syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Congenital rubella syndrome
How does pulmonary stenosis usually present?
Asymptomatically
How is pulmonary stenosis usually diagnosed?
Incidental finding of a murmur during routine baby checks.
How can severe pulmonary stenosis present?
Fatigue on exertion
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Fainting.
What is the main sign of pulmonary stenosis?
Ejection systolic murmur
Where is an ejection systolic murmur heard loudest?
At the pulmonary area
What are the other signs of pulmonary valve stenosis?
Palpable thrill in the pulmonary area
Right ventricular heave due to right ventricular hypertrophy
Raised JVP with giant a waves
Where would you feel a palpable thrill in someone with pulmonary valve stenosis?
In the pulmonary area
What is the ventricular heave in pulmonary valve stenosis due to?
Right ventricular hypertrophy
What is the gold standard diagnosis of pulmonary valve stenosis?
Echocardiogram
What is the management of mild pulmonary stenosis with no symptoms?
Watching and waiting
What is the management of pulmonary valve stenosis if the patient is symptomatic or the valve is more significantly stenosed?
Balloon valvuloplasty via a venous catheter
What is the alternative to balloon valvuloplasty via a venous catheter?
Open-heart surgery can be performed.
