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Community And Wellness > USPSTF II > Flashcards

USPSTF II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the B rating for primary care interventions for breastfeeding?

A

Providing intervention during pregnancy an after birth to support breast feeding in all pregnant women, new mothers and their children

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2
Q

What are the benefits of breastfeeding?

A

Reduction in breast and ovarian cancer and DM2 for mother
*fewer ear infections, atopic dermatitis, lower respiratory tract infections
*Less likely to have chronic conditions

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3
Q

What are the different type of primary care interventions for breastfeeding?

A

*promoting benefits
*providing practical advice
*direct support on how to breast feed
*providing psychological support

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4
Q

What is professional support for breast feeding?

A

1 on 1 counseling provided by health professional

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5
Q

What is peer support for breastfeeding?

A

Provides 1 on 1 counseling from a layperson

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6
Q

What is formal education for breastfeeding?

A

*formalized program to convey general breast feeding knowledge
* group sessions

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7
Q

What is the D rating for screening with electrocardiography for CVD?

A

No screening for patients with resting or exercise electrocardiography for the prevention of CVD events in asymptomatic adults at low risk

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8
Q

What is the first line for screening for CVD?

A

Framingham risk score

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9
Q

What is the Framingham risk Model for CHD?

A

Person with a 10-year risk >20% are considered high risk
10 year risk < 10% considered to be low risk
10-20% are considered intermediate risk

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10
Q

What are the lifestyle modification and medication for asymptomatic adults who are at an increased risk for CVD??

A

*lipid-lowering medications
*ASA
*HTN management
*Tobacco cessation

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11
Q

What is an ankle brachial index?

A

Ratio of systolic blood pressure at the ankle to the systolic at the brachial artery
*value less than 0.9 indicated PAD

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12
Q

What is high sensitivity C-reactive protein?

A

Serum protein involved in inflammatory and immune responses
*greater than 2-3mg/L signifies increased CVD risk

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13
Q

What is coronary artery calcium (CAC) score?

A

Obtained by electron beam or CT and measures the calcium content in coronary arteries

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14
Q

What is the D rating for screening carotid artery stenosis?

A

Do Not Screen asymptomatic general adults

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15
Q

What wold be used to screen for carotid artery stenosis?

A

An ultra sound
*angiography is confirmatory test

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16
Q

What happens to a person with celiac disease when they eat gluten?

A

*there will be an immune-mediated inflammatory damage to the small intestine
*multi system autoimmune disorder

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17
Q

What is the screening test for celiac disease?

A

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) test
*followed by endoscopic exam and biopsy of duodenum for histologies confirmation

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18
Q

What is the A recommendation for screening for cervical cancer?

A

Screen with cytology (pap smear) alone EVERY 3 YEARS for women 21-29

Women 30-65
*or every 5 with high risk human papillomavirus testing (hrHPV) alone
*or Cotesting with hrHPV and cytology

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19
Q

When should you not screen a woman for cervical cancer?

A

*younger than 21
*older than 65
*hysterectomy with removal of cervix

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20
Q

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

HPV infection
HIV infection
Immunocompromised

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21
Q

What is the purpose of cervical cancer screening?

A

To identify high grade precancerous cervical lesions prevent development of cervical cancer
*high-grade lesions treated with ablation or excision

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22
Q

Is it beneficial if primary care intervenes with child maltreatment?

A

No

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23
Q

What is the definition of maltreatment?

A

Any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child

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24
Q

What is the definition of child abuse?

A

Acts of commission, includes physical,s equal, and psychological abuse

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25
Q

What is the definition of child neglect

A

acts of omission, include the failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, health care, or educational needs or to protect a child from harm or potential harm

26
Q

What age group is most vulnerable to child maltreatments?

A

Younger than 4 years old, having special health care needs, female sex, and past history of maltreatment

27
Q

What are the factors of underreporting child maltreatment?

A

Missed diagnosis of intentional child injury
Fear of alienating caregivers
Stigma related to cops involvement

28
Q

What is a B rating for screening for Chalmydia and Gonrrhea?

A

Screen for both if sexually active age 24 years and younger or in older women who are at increased risk for infection

*men insufficient evidence

29
Q

What are the commonly reported STI in US

A

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
*chlamydia is more prevalent
*most infections are symptomatic

30
Q

What is the strongest risk assessment for screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea?

A

AGE

31
Q

If someone has GC what are the next steps in contacting their sexual partners?

A

*all sex partners of infected patient preceding 60 days be evaluated, tested, and treated
*infected patient must abstain from sexual intercourse, until they and sex partners COMPLETED TREATMENT and no longer have SYMPTOMS

32
Q

What happens if the partner of the infected patient does not have a PCP?

A

Can be given a prescription

33
Q

What should a PA do if the there is a high chance of reinfection of GC?

A

Retest all patients and diagnosed with GC 3 months after treatment

34
Q

What is the diagnostic test for COPD?

A

Spirometry
*all current smokers should be offered counseling and pharmacological therapy

35
Q

What is the definition of dementia or majorneurocognitive disorder?

A

Significant decline in 1 or more domains that interferes with a persons independence in ADLs

36
Q

What is the definition of mild cognitive impairment

A

Impairment is not severe enough to interfere with instrumental ADLs

37
Q

What are the screening tests for cognitive impairment

A

mini-mental state examination
*patient performs tasks assessing cognitive domains
memory, attention, language, Visio spatial, or executive functioning

38
Q

What is the A rating for colorectal cancer?

A

45-75

39
Q

What are the screening test for colorectal cancer? Part one

A

High-sensitivity guanaco fecal occult blood test (FOBT) OR
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
*test for occult blood in the stool
Stool DNA-FIT every 1 to 3 years
CT Scan computed tomography colonography every 5 years

40
Q

What are the screening test for colorectal cancer part two?

A

Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
flexible sigmoidoscopy every 10 years +annual FIT
Colonoscopy screening every 10 years

41
Q

What happens if someone has a FH of colorectal cancer?

A

They need to be screened earlier
*there is a high lifetime risk of CRC
*10 years before the youngest age of first diagnosis

42
Q

What is lynch syndrome?

A

Inherited disorder that increases the risk of many types of cancer

43
Q

What is FIT-DNA testing?

A

Fecal immunochemical test combined with altered DNA biomarkers in cells shed in the stool to identify CRC

44
Q

What is the most important risk factor for colorectal cancer?

A

Old age
Male sex
AA race

45
Q

What are the most common chronic disease in children in the US

A

Dental caries

46
Q

When should a child began oral fluoride/varnish supplementation?

A

At age 6 months (B rating)
Age of primary tooth eruption (B rating)

47
Q

What are the commonly used screening instruments for depression in adults?

A

-Patient health questionnaire
-Hospital anxiety and depression scales in adults
-geriatric depression scale in older adults
-Edinburgh postanatal depression scale in pregnant and post parturition multiple screening tests

48
Q

What happens if there is a positive while screening for depression?

A

Needs to be a full diagnostic interview

49
Q

What are treatments for adults with depression?

A

Antidepressant medications and psychotherapy

50
Q

What are the two most common screening instruments for children and adolescents with depression?

A

Patient health questionnaire for adolescents
Beck Depression inventory

51
Q

What are the screening test for elevated blood lead levels in children and pregnant women?

A

Capillary blood testing
*confirmatory test in venous blood testing

52
Q

What does the CDC define as elevated blood levels?

A

5 micrograms/dL or greater
*lead gasoline, lead paint, contaminated water from lead plumbing (sources of lead exposure)

53
Q

What are the risk factor assessment for elevated blood lead levels?

A

Living in older homes with cracked or peeling lead based paint
-use of pottery with lead paint glazed
-industrial exposure

54
Q

Does vitamin D supplementation have any benefit in preventing falls?

A

No

55
Q

What is the preventive medication to prevent neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid
*women planning or capable of pregnancy should take 0.4-0.8mg
*A major defect of the brain and spine can occur

56
Q

What is anencephaly

A

Underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull and spina bifida

57
Q

When should a woman start taking folic acid?

A

At least one month before conception
*continue through first 2-3 months of pregnancy

58
Q

What are the screening tests for genital herpes?

A

PCR
Antibody based tests
Viral culture
*western blot is god standard

59
Q

What is the b rating for screening gestational diabetes?

A

Screen in asymptomatic pregnant women after 24 weeks

60
Q

What is the screening test for gestational diabetes?

A

50g glucose challenge test
*between 24-28 weeks in NON-fasting state
*level checked within one hour (130-140 need oral glucose tolerance test)

61
Q

What is the fasting screening test for gestational diabetes?

A

Oral glucose tolerance test
*levels checked at 1,2, and 3 hours
*diagnosis is made when 2 or more glucose levels meet or exceed the specified glucose thresholds

62
Q

What are the 1,2,3 hours marks of the OGTT

A

Fasting: 105mg/dl
1: 190
2: 165
3: 145

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

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