Abuse Across the Lifespan Flashcards
What are some forms of maltreatment?
- Physical, Sexual, and emotional abuse
- Physical and emotional neglect
- Medical neglect
- Medical child abuse (Muchausen syndrome)
What age group has the highest rate of abuse?
<3 year old
*74.9% of victims are neglected
What are the red flags of abusive pattern
- Substance abuse
- Poverty & economic strains
- Parental capacity and skills
- Domestic violence
How to recognize child abuse in the victim
Sudden change in behavior
Learning issues
What are some red flags of physical abuse?
Unexplained bruises or burns
Fear of going home
Physical force used by parents
*common in the skull, ribs, long bones
Why are skull fractures more difficult to date the age?
Because of the intramembranous nature of the skull
What is suspicious for child abuse?
Fractures in various stages of healing
*broken ribs
What are common symptoms of SBS shaken baby syndrome?
Metaphyseal chip fractures
Retinal hemorrhages
Subdural hematomas
How does SBS happens?
Violent shaking
*Head injuries
*A subdural hematoma=child abuse unless can be explained
What are CNS injuries of SBS?
Retinal hemorrhages= SBS (until proven otherwise)
Papilledema= increased intracranial pressure (more imagining)
What are some red flags of sexual abuse?
- Unusual sexual knowledge or behavior
- Child-to-child sexual contact
- Bruises on inner thighs or other intimate areas
What are some red flags of emotional abuse?
- Extreme nervous habits
- Parent/child interactions: inappropriate language, name calling
What are some red flags of neglect?
- Stealing food
- Poor shower habits/ poor hygiene
- Dirt clothes with numerous stains, tears
What is a hallmark of neglect?
Disproportionate loss of weight compared to height or head circumference
What is muchausen syndrome
Childs illness is fabricated or induce by caregiver
What are the different forms of IPV?
Physical
Sexual
Stalking
Psychological
What is intimate terrorism?
A passive victim in an abuse relationship lives in constant fear for the next episode of aubse
*May be mutual/bidirectional (Situational violence)
What is violent resistance?
When the victim of IPV fights back
What is battering?
Involves severe and escalating violence with terrorization and increasingly controlling behavior
What is common couple violence?
More moderate form of IPV, violence occurs occasionally, triggered by frustration and or anger
Describe emotional abuse
Involves trauma to the victim caused by threats of action or coercive tactics
Describe emotional abuse
Involves trauma to the victim caused by threats of action or coercive tacics
*may include stalking
Describe medical abuse?
Failure to provide care necesssary to prevent physical harm or mental anguish
what are some risk factor for sexual abuse?
Prior history of IPV
Female
Young age
At-risk alcohol use or drug use
What are some relationship risk factors for IPV
- Couple with income, educational, or job status disparities
- Dominance and control of the relationship by a male
- Excessive jealousy or possessive behavior
What is good faith reporting?
Medical evaluation indicates reasonable cause that injuries weren’t accidental AND
HCP not acting on desire to harass the patient
What is the OH revised Code for abuse?
HCP are NOT required to report abuse to police unless the patient presents with gunshot wounds, stabbing, or second or third degree burns
What is survivor safety? (IPV)
Being always aware that the primary concern is to maximize safety and not increase risk for further harm
What is survivor empowerment? (IPV)
Facilitating the patients ability to make his or her own choices
What is perpetrator accountability? (IPV)
Framing the violence as occurring because of the perpetrators behavior and not the survivors
What is advocacy for social change? (IPV)
Collaboration and advocacy beyond the healthcare setting
What is a common survey for IPV?
HITS (Hurt, insult, threaten, scream)
*Score>10 at risk
What are the SAFE questions?
S: stress safety
A: Afraid/abused
F: friends/ family
E: emergency plan
How to document abuse?
Clearly and objectively
*”Quotes” from the patient
*Photographs
What language to use when documenting abuse?
Don’t use words such as denies or claims
“Patient reposts that she does not drink or use drugs”
Who are the most likely perpetrators of elder aubse?
Most likely to be spouses or adult children who care for the victims
What is the definition of elder aubse?
Any abuse and neglect of persons age 60 and older by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving a expectation of trust
What is the prevalence of elder abuse?
1 out of every 10 people ages 60 and older
What is self-neglect?
Harm or the potential for harm is created by one’s own behaviors rather than resulting from other;s actions
What are psychological effects of elder abuse?
Include high levels of distress and depression
