STD Part One Flashcards
What is the bacteria that causes chlamydia?
Chlamydia Trachomatis
What is the most frequently reported STD in the US
Chlamydia
What are the risk factors of chlamydia?
adolescence
New or multiple sex partners
History of STI
Ectopy
What is an ectopy?
Columnar epithelial cells on the ectocervix
What is the transmission of chlamydia?
Gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacteria
*Sexual or vertical (mom to child)
*asymptomatic reservoir
What are clinical syndromes caused chlamydia trachomatis? (Men)
Local infections
*Urethritis
*Proctitis
*Conjunctivitis
What are clinical syndromes caused chlamydia trachomatis? (Women)
Local infections
*Cervicitis
*Urethritis
*Proctitis
*Conjunctivitis
What are clinical syndromes caused chlamydia trachomatis? (Infants)
Local infection
*Conjunctivitis
*Pneumonitis
*Pharyngitis
*Rhinitis
Complications
*Chronic lung disease
What are the common effects of chlamydia in men?
Urethritis
*NGU (nongonococcal urethritis)
*>50% asymptomatic
Epididymitis
*Unilateral scrotal pain
*Epididymal swelling
*Tenderness at the affected region
What are the signs and symptoms of urethritis caused by chlamydia? (Men)
mucopurulent
Mucoid or clear urethral discharge
Dysuria
What are the signs of infection of chlamydia in women (Cervicitis)
Majority asymptomatic
*mucopurulent endocervical discharge
*Edematous Cervicitis with erythema and friability
What are the signs of infection of chlamydia in women? (Urethritis)
Usually asymptomatic
Signs/symptoms
*Dysuria
*frequency
*Dyspareunia
*Hematuria
What does a normal cervix look like?
Pink, smooth
Cervical os is small and oval-like or slit-like
Covered with squamous epithelium
What does the cervical os look like before and after birth?
Oval (before)
Slit-like (after)
What does a cervix that is infected with chlamydia look like?
Reddened, inflamed surface
Mucopurulent discharge coming from the os
What are the complications of chlamydia that can happen in women?
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-endometritis
-salpingitis
-Tubo-ovarian abscess
-Peritonitis
Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome)
-inflammation of the serous or peritoneal coating of the liver
Reactive arthritis
What is LGV lymphadenopathy? (Lymphogranuloma venereum)
Inflammation of the lymph nodes surrounding the genitals
S/Sx
*Initially painless ulcer
*Multiple enlarged
*Tender inguinal lymph nodes (buboes)
*Suppurative (pus-containing)
What are the common reasons for chlamydia in preadolescent males and females?
Urogenital infections
*asymptomatic
*vertical transmission
*Sexual abuse
What is the preferred way to diagnose chlamydia?
nucleic acid amplification test (NAATs)
What is the purpose of NAATs/
can detect organism-specific DNA
*significantly more sensitive than other tests 80-90%
*Specificity is >99%
When are cultures used?
In legal investigations
*$$
*sensitivity is 50-80%
*Historically the “gold-standard”
What is the treatment of chlamydia in non-pregnant women?
Doxycycline 100mg orally twice daily for 7 days or
*Azithromycin 1g orally in a single dose
What is the treatment for chlamydia in pregnant women?
Azithromycin 1g orally in a single dose or
*Amoxicillin 500mg orally 3 times a day for 7 days
What is the treatment of neonatal conjunctivitis/Pneumonia?
Erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate 50mg/kg/day orally 6hrs for 14 days