Tobacco abuse across the lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

What does smoking increase the risk of?

A

Diminished overall health
Increased absenteeism from work
Increased health care utilization

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2
Q

On average how many years do smokers die earlier than non-smokers?

A

10 years

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3
Q

What are the cardiovascular health effects from cigarette smoking?

A

Narrowed vessels
Increased BP, HR, and clot formation

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4
Q

What are the respiratory health effects from cigarette smoking?

A

Damages the airways and small air sacs

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5
Q

What is the important statistic about smoking and cancer?

A

If nobody smoked 1 out of 3 cancer deaths in US would NOT happen

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6
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect fertility?

A

There can be infertility issues
*Harder for women to become pregnant
*Affects men’s sperm count
*impact to infant (preterm birth, still birth, etc)

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7
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect bone health?

A

Women past childbearing age at a greater risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis

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8
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect oral health?

A

Cause tooth loss, tooth decay, gum disease

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9
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect skin health?

A

cosmetic issues like increased wrinkles
Poor wound healing

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10
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect the body’s immune system?

A

Inflammation and decreased immune function

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11
Q

How can cigarette smoke affect vision?

A

Increases risk for cataracts
Increased age related macular degeneration

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12
Q

How can cigarette smoke effect the endocrine system?

A

Cause T2DM and can make it harder to control

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13
Q

What are the health effects of quitting smoking?

A

Within 2-5 years: stroke may reduce
Within 5 years: risks of cancers of the mouth drop by 50%
10 Years: risk of dying from lung cancer drops by 50%

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14
Q

What does not prevent people from secondhand smoke?

A

Opening windows
Using air filters

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15
Q

Is there a risk-free level of secondhand smoke?

A

No; even brief exposure can be harmful to health

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16
Q

What are the harms of 2nd hand smoke to kids

A

Ear infections
asthma attacks
Respiratory problems

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17
Q

What are the harms of 2nd hand smoke to adults

A

Heart disease
Lung cancer
Stroke

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18
Q

How can 2nd hand smoke be measured?

A

Test saliva, urine, or blood to see if it contains cotinine

19
Q

What can chew or dip lead to?

A

Nicotine addiction
Cancers of the mouth
Or Leukoplakia

20
Q

What is the statistic about youth and tobacco use?

A

1 in 13 of todays Americans younger than 18 will die from smoking related illness

21
Q

What is the MC tobacco product among the youth

A

Electronic cigarettes (since 2014)

22
Q

What are some social and physical factor associated with youth tobacco product use?

A

Parental use
Mass media

23
Q

What are some social and environmental factors related to lowering smoking levels?

A

Being part of a religious group
Racial/ethnic pride
Higher academic achievement

24
Q

What are the five R’s to motivate smokers unwilling to quit?

A

Relevance: encourage patient to indicate why is quitting personally relevant
Risks: Have patient identify potential negative consequences of tobacco use
Rewards: identify potential benefits of smoking cessation
Roadblock: Identify barriers or impediments to quitting
Repetition: Repeat every time an unmotivated patient visits clinic setting

25
What is physical dependence
physiologic state of adaptation to a substance
26
What is tolerance to a drug?
person’s diminished response to a drug, which occurs when the drug is used repeatedly and the body adapts to the continued presence of the drug
27
What is addiction?
compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences In the absence of nicotine, smokers develop cravings & symptoms
28
What are the 5 A’s approach for smoking cessation?
Ask about tobacco use and exposure Advise quitting Assess readiness to quit Assist smokers ready to quit Arrange follow up
29
What is intra-treatment?
Supportive clinical environment
30
What is extra-treatment?
Help patient develop social support in his/her environment outside of treatment
31
What is the most effective treatment for smoking cessation?
Combination of behavioral and pharmacological
32
What is the first line drug therapy for smokers?
Combination nicotine replacement (NRT) Bupropion (wellbutrin) Varenicline (Chantix)
33
Should you use buproprion (wellbutrin) for patient who have a history of seizures?
NO
34
What smoking cessation drug therapy can be used for pregnant women?
Nicotine replacement therapy
35
What are the short-acting NRT?
nicotine gum Nicotine lozenge Nicotine nasal spray Nicotine inhaler
36
What are the long-acting NRT?
Transdermal nicotine patch
37
How does varenicline work?
A partial agonist to relieve cravings and withdrawal *As an antagonist to reduce effects of nicotine
38
Which drug therapy for smoking is not recommended for pregnant women?
Varenicline (Chantix) Burpropion SR (wellbutrin SR, Zyban)
39
What is the dosage for varenicline?
Smoke for one week while starting medication 0.5mg once daily days 1-3 0.5mg twice daily days 4-7 *18+
40
How does Bupropion SR work?
Enhancing the CNS
41
What are the contraindication of Bupropion SR?
Seizure disorders Eating disorders TBI
42
How do electronic cigarettes work?
Uses an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) that aerosolizes nicotine
43
when do most relapses occur?
In the first week of cessation