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Community And Wellness > Common Pediatric Behavioral Disorders > Flashcards

Common Pediatric Behavioral Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common disruptive behavioral disorders?

A
  1. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
  2. Conduct disorder (CD)
  3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    • Boys are more likely to suffer from behavioral disorders
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2
Q

What is the definition of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A

Persistent pattern of negative, hostile an defiant behavior towards adults

* does impair social, family,and academic functioning 
* Does not typically cause significant harm to others
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3
Q

What is the treatment for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A
  • Managed with behavior therapy

- ODD is viewed as a precursor to conduct disorder

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4
Q

What is the definition of conduct disorder (CD)?

A

Persistent, repetitive, pattern of behavior that infringes on rights of others

* Violates major age-appropriate societal norms 
* Starts by age 15
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5
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder? (CD)

A
  • Aggression toward people or animals
  • Destruction of property
  • Deceitfulness or theft
  • A serious rule violation
    • Disturbance causes clinically significant impairment
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6
Q

What happens if Conduct Disorder is not treated?

A

It can develop into antisocial personality disorder

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Conduct Disorder? (CD)

A
  • stabilize the environment
  • counseling
  • mood stabilizers
    • Risperidone
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8
Q

What is the prognosis for Conduct Disorder?

A

The prognosis is poor, 40% will develop anti-social personality disorder

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9
Q

What is the definition of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? (ADHD)

A
  • CORE symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
    • Persistent and pervasive
  • etiology is
    • Genetic, neural, and environmental
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10
Q

What are some of the coexisting conditions of ADHD?

A

-Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, language disorders, tic disorders

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11
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

A
  • present in more than one setting
  • persist for at least six months
  • present before the age of 12
  • impaired function in academic, social
  • Conner’s Rating scales or Vanderbilt Assessment Scale
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12
Q

What are symptoms of hyperactivity (ADHD)?

A
  • fidgety or restless
  • running or climbing excessively
  • “driven by a motor”
  • Talking excessively
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of impulsivity? (ADHD)

A
  • blurting out answers

- frequency interruptions

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14
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A
  • Behavioral management/ modification

- Stimulant medication are the first line agents for treatment of ADHD

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15
Q

What are Sympathomimetics?

A
  • Stimulants

- Schedule II drugs (controlled substances)

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16
Q

What are the different types of methylphenidate (stimulant)

A

Concerta
Ritalin
Dexmethylphenidate

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17
Q

What are the different types of Amphelamine? (Stimulants)

A

Adderall
Lisdexamfetamine
Dyanavel XR

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18
Q

What are the common side effects of stimulants?

A

Appetite suppression
Sleep disturbances
Headaches
Tics

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19
Q

What is a non-stimulant used for families who abuse substances?

A

Selective norepinephrine inhibitor (Strattera)

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20
Q

What medication can be added when ADHD patients are lacking symptom control?

A

Risperidone (Risperidol)

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21
Q

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

-group of disorders in where the development of the central nervous system is disturbed

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22
Q

What are the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

ADHD

Autism spectrum disorder

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23
Q

What are the two categories of deficits in people with Autism?

A
  1. Social communication and social interaction

2. Restricted repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities

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24
Q

What is Asperger Disorder?

A

-Impaired social interaction, restricted behavior and interest with normal language and cognitive skills

25
Q

What can improve the prognosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

-Higher IQ and better language skills

26
Q

What are signs of Autism in infants and young children?

A

Infants
*Delayed or absent social smiling
Young child
*Spend hours in solitary play and socially withdrawn

*** language development is most important indicator of future development

27
Q

When should Autism screening be done?

A

AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics)
*Recommends 18-24 months of age
M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers0
*16-30 months

28
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  • Persistent deficits qualitative impairment in social interactions
  • Qualitative impairment in communication skills
  • Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviors
29
Q

What is the treatment of Autism?

A

-Start early intervention with speech and language pathologist

30
Q

What is is infantile colic?

A
  • the baby is constantly crying
    • more than 3 hours a day
    • at least 3 days a week
    • For more than 3 weeks
31
Q

What is the etiology and epidemiology of temper tantrums?

A

Etiology
*normal human developmental stage
Epidemiology
*Common 18 months to 4 years

32
Q

What is Enuresis?

A

-Urinary incontinence

33
Q

What is the management for Enuresis?

A
  • Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

- Behavioral strategies

34
Q

What is encopresis?

A

-Passage of stools into inappropriate places

35
Q

What is the management of Encopresis?

A

-enemas, stool softeners, laxatives

36
Q

How does the DSM-V classify eating disorders?

A

Psychiatric illnesses

37
Q

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

A

The intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight

* Patient has an unrealistic body image and feels too fat, despite appearing excessively thin 
* Low albumin levels
38
Q

What are the clinical features associated with Anorexia Nervosa?

A
  • wearing oversized layered clothing
  • Lanugo (fine hair on the face and trunk)
  • Emaciated and cachexic (muscle wasting)
39
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of Anorexia Nervosa?

A
  • Refusal to maintain weight
  • Intense fear of gaining weight
  • Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is perceived
  • Denial of low body weight
40
Q

What is a complication of Anorexia Nervosa?

A

Refeeding syndrome

*Fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes in malnourished patient receiving artificial refeeding

41
Q

What is bulimia Nervosa?

A
  • purging behaviors

- patient is normal weight or overweight

42
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of Bulimia Nervosa?

A

Recurrent episodes of binge eating at least once a week for 3 months

* Lack of control 
* Compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (purging)
43
Q

What are physical exam or lab findings of bulimia Nervosa?

A
  • Teeth pitting or enamel erosion
    • Petechial hemorrhages
  • Russell’s sign: abraded knuckles
  • Hypokalemia and hypermangensium
44
Q

What is the treatment for Bulimia Nervosa?

A
  • Cognitive behavior counseling

- Prozac

45
Q

What is Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

A
  • eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat
    • Occurs least once a week for three months
    • Lack of control
46
Q

Are there compensatory behaviors associated with binge eating disorder?

A

No

*psychotherapy is the preferred treatment

47
Q

What are panic attacks?

A
  • abrupt surge of intense fear

* sense of impending doom

48
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A
  • the fear of situations where escape is difficult or would draw unwanted attention to the person
    • Avoids situations
    • last 6 months or more
49
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Post traumatic stress disorder

* re-experiencing a traumatic event in which actual or threatened death or serious injury was possible 
* Accompanied by avoidance of stimuli
50
Q

What is Separation anxiety disorder? (SAD)

A
  • Developmentally inappropriate wish to maintain close proximity with caregivers
    • Somatic symptoms associated
    • Irrational concerns
51
Q

What is Separation anxiety disorder a risk factor for?

A

-Risk factor for developing a panic disorder, agoraphobia, and depression

52
Q

what is the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD)?

A

Minimum of 2 weeks of core symptoms

* Either depressed mood OR/AND 
* Loss f interest or pleasure in all activities (Anhedonia)
53
Q

what is Parasominas?

A
  • Sleep disorders

* defined as disruptive sleep disorder that occurs during arousals from REM or NREM

54
Q

What are night terrors?

A
  • Sleep terrors

* children wake up suddenly at night and act very upset

55
Q

What is confusional arousals?

A

-The child behaves in a confused way because they are in between sleeping and waking up

56
Q

What are communication disorders?

A

-An impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehensive concept or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems

57
Q

What are the two major types of communication disorders?

A

Speech disorder
*Impairment in articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and/or voice
Language disorder:
*impaired Comphehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems

58
Q

What are the different types of speech disorders?

A 
Articulation disorder
	*ability to produce speech sounds
Fluency disorder
	*Stuttering 
Voice disorder
	*abnormal production of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance
Resonance disorder 
	*Hyper/hyponasality

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

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