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Community And Wellness > Common Pediatric Behavioral Disorders > Flashcards

Common Pediatric Behavioral Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common disruptive behavioral disorders?

A
  1. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
  2. Conduct disorder (CD)
  3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    • Boys are more likely to suffer from behavioral disorders
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2
Q

What is the definition of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A

Persistent pattern of negative, hostile an defiant behavior towards adults

* does impair social, family,and academic functioning 
* Does not typically cause significant harm to others
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3
Q

What is the treatment for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A
  • Managed with behavior therapy

- ODD is viewed as a precursor to conduct disorder

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4
Q

What is the definition of conduct disorder (CD)?

A

Persistent, repetitive, pattern of behavior that infringes on rights of others

* Violates major age-appropriate societal norms 
* Starts by age 15
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5
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder? (CD)

A
  • Aggression toward people or animals
  • Destruction of property
  • Deceitfulness or theft
  • A serious rule violation
    • Disturbance causes clinically significant impairment
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6
Q

What happens if Conduct Disorder is not treated?

A

It can develop into antisocial personality disorder

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Conduct Disorder? (CD)

A
  • stabilize the environment
  • counseling
  • mood stabilizers
    • Risperidone
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8
Q

What is the prognosis for Conduct Disorder?

A

The prognosis is poor, 40% will develop anti-social personality disorder

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9
Q

What is the definition of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? (ADHD)

A
  • CORE symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
    • Persistent and pervasive
  • etiology is
    • Genetic, neural, and environmental
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10
Q

What are some of the coexisting conditions of ADHD?

A

-Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, language disorders, tic disorders

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11
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD?

A
  • present in more than one setting
  • persist for at least six months
  • present before the age of 12
  • impaired function in academic, social
  • Conner’s Rating scales or Vanderbilt Assessment Scale
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12
Q

What are symptoms of hyperactivity (ADHD)?

A
  • fidgety or restless
  • running or climbing excessively
  • “driven by a motor”
  • Talking excessively
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of impulsivity? (ADHD)

A
  • blurting out answers

- frequency interruptions

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14
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A
  • Behavioral management/ modification

- Stimulant medication are the first line agents for treatment of ADHD

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15
Q

What are Sympathomimetics?

A
  • Stimulants

- Schedule II drugs (controlled substances)

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16
Q

What are the different types of methylphenidate (stimulant)

A

Concerta
Ritalin
Dexmethylphenidate

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17
Q

What are the different types of Amphelamine? (Stimulants)

A

Adderall
Lisdexamfetamine
Dyanavel XR

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18
Q

What are the common side effects of stimulants?

A

Appetite suppression
Sleep disturbances
Headaches
Tics

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19
Q

What is a non-stimulant used for families who abuse substances?

A

Selective norepinephrine inhibitor (Strattera)

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20
Q

What medication can be added when ADHD patients are lacking symptom control?

A

Risperidone (Risperidol)

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21
Q

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

-group of disorders in where the development of the central nervous system is disturbed

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22
Q

What are the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

ADHD

Autism spectrum disorder

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23
Q

What are the two categories of deficits in people with Autism?

A
  1. Social communication and social interaction

2. Restricted repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities

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24
Q

What is Asperger Disorder?

A

-Impaired social interaction, restricted behavior and interest with normal language and cognitive skills

25
What can improve the prognosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
-Higher IQ and better language skills
26
What are signs of Autism in infants and young children?
Infants *Delayed or absent social smiling Young child *Spend hours in solitary play and socially withdrawn *** language development is most important indicator of future development
27
When should Autism screening be done?
AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) *Recommends 18-24 months of age M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers0 *16-30 months
28
What is the diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Persistent deficits qualitative impairment in social interactions - Qualitative impairment in communication skills - Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviors
29
What is the treatment of Autism?
-Start early intervention with speech and language pathologist
30
What is is infantile colic?
- the baby is constantly crying * more than 3 hours a day * at least 3 days a week * For more than 3 weeks
31
What is the etiology and epidemiology of temper tantrums?
Etiology *normal human developmental stage Epidemiology *Common 18 months to 4 years
32
What is Enuresis?
-Urinary incontinence
33
What is the management for Enuresis?
- Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) | - Behavioral strategies
34
What is encopresis?
-Passage of stools into inappropriate places
35
What is the management of Encopresis?
-enemas, stool softeners, laxatives
36
How does the DSM-V classify eating disorders?
Psychiatric illnesses
37
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
The intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight * Patient has an unrealistic body image and feels too fat, despite appearing excessively thin * Low albumin levels
38
What are the clinical features associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
- wearing oversized layered clothing - Lanugo (fine hair on the face and trunk) - Emaciated and cachexic (muscle wasting)
39
What is the diagnostic criteria of Anorexia Nervosa?
- Refusal to maintain weight - Intense fear of gaining weight - Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is perceived - Denial of low body weight
40
What is a complication of Anorexia Nervosa?
Refeeding syndrome | *Fatal shifts in fluids and electrolytes in malnourished patient receiving artificial refeeding
41
What is bulimia Nervosa?
- purging behaviors | - patient is normal weight or overweight
42
What is the diagnostic criteria of Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating at least once a week for 3 months * Lack of control * Compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain (purging)
43
What are physical exam or lab findings of bulimia Nervosa?
- Teeth pitting or enamel erosion * Petechial hemorrhages - Russell’s sign: abraded knuckles - Hypokalemia and hypermangensium
44
What is the treatment for Bulimia Nervosa?
- Cognitive behavior counseling | - Prozac
45
What is Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
- eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat * Occurs least once a week for three months * Lack of control
46
Are there compensatory behaviors associated with binge eating disorder?
No | *psychotherapy is the preferred treatment
47
What are panic attacks?
- abrupt surge of intense fear | * sense of impending doom
48
What is agoraphobia?
- the fear of situations where escape is difficult or would draw unwanted attention to the person * Avoids situations * last 6 months or more
49
What is PTSD?
Post traumatic stress disorder * re-experiencing a traumatic event in which actual or threatened death or serious injury was possible * Accompanied by avoidance of stimuli
50
What is Separation anxiety disorder? (SAD)
- Developmentally inappropriate wish to maintain close proximity with caregivers * Somatic symptoms associated * Irrational concerns
51
What is Separation anxiety disorder a risk factor for?
-Risk factor for developing a panic disorder, agoraphobia, and depression
52
what is the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Minimum of 2 weeks of core symptoms * Either depressed mood OR/AND * Loss f interest or pleasure in all activities (Anhedonia)
53
what is Parasominas?
- Sleep disorders | * defined as disruptive sleep disorder that occurs during arousals from REM or NREM
54
What are night terrors?
- Sleep terrors | * children wake up suddenly at night and act very upset
55
What is confusional arousals?
-The child behaves in a confused way because they are in between sleeping and waking up
56
What are communication disorders?
-An impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehensive concept or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems
57
What are the two major types of communication disorders?
Speech disorder *Impairment in articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and/or voice Language disorder: *impaired Comphehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems
58
What are the different types of speech disorders?
``` Articulation disorder *ability to produce speech sounds Fluency disorder *Stuttering Voice disorder *abnormal production of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance Resonance disorder *Hyper/hyponasality ```

Community And Wellness (39 decks)

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