Public Health And Introduction To Wellness/ Influecning Health Behavior Change Flashcards
What is Public Health and its role?
- The science and art of preventing disease
- Prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized efforts
- Promotes the health of people
- Promotes wellness and encourages healthy behaviors
What is one of the main concerns of the public health system?
-They are concerned with protecting the health of the entire population
How does the Public Health System prevent problems from happening?
They will
- Implement educational programs - Recommend policies - Administer services - Conduct research
What is the main focus of public health professionals?
- They will try to prevent problems from happening or reoccurring
- They will try to prevent people from getting sick or injured in the first place
What is the main focus of Clinical Professionals, in a public health system?
-Treating people who are sick
Primary focus is on treating individuals after they become sick or injured
What are they different types of healthcare models?
Traditional model - Disease and drug oriented Traditional Preventative Medicine - Early Detection of Disease - Ex: Lab test, mammograms, Pap smears True preventative Medicine - Equipping body to fight off diseases -EX: Exercise, diet, vaccines
Describe Public Health Surveillance
- Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data
- Provision of information may lead to action being taken to prevent and control a disease
- Usually infectious in nature
What are some Data Sources for Public Health Surveillance?
Reported Diseases of syndromes Electronic health records Vital records Registries Surveys
List and Explain the different types of Public Health Surveillance
Passive
- Diseases are reported by health care providers
- Simple and inexpensive
- Limited by incompleteness of reporting and variability of quality
Active
- Health agencies contact health providers seeking reports
- Ensures more complete reporting of conditions
- Used in conjunctions with specific epidemiological investigation
What are notifiable Disease Surveillance?
- disease or condition which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases considered necessary for prevention and control of the disease or condition
- Covid
What is the Nationally notifiable Disease Surveillance system (NDSS)
Collaboration between CDC and the Council of Sate and Territorial epidemiologists
- Reporting by the state is voluntary
- Each state determines which diseases are reportable in their jurisdication
- Then the list of notifiable disease can be found on the CDC
What information gets put into the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report?
List of diseases that the state chooses to send to the CDC
what are the components of State-Based Notifiable Disease Surveillance Systems?
MANDATED by state law or regulation
Health care providers are required to report cases to the local health department (LHD)
LHD is responsible for further action
How are reportable diseases divided up?
Mandatory written reporting - Report must be made in writing - Gonorrhea and salmonellosis Mandatory reporting by telephone - Provider must report by phone - EX: Rubella, pertussis
How are cancer cases reported?
They are reported to the state cancer registry
What is the role of the CDC in America?
- Control disease outbreaks
- Ensure food and water are safe
- Help people avoid leading causes of death
- Working globally to reduce threats to the nation’s health
It is the nations premier public health agency, and ensures that labs can safely detect and respond to dangerous health threats
What is the role of U.S Department of Health and Human services
Enhance and protect the health and well-being of all Americans Provides social services: - Health insurance options - mental Health - Head start programs - Poverty guidelines
What is epidemiology
The science that studies the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations
What is the leading cause of death in men and women?
Heart disease
What is the definition of Risk Assessment?
Collection of information about risk factors
-performed during history, PE, and diagnostic evaluations
What is the definition of Risk Factors?
Personal characteristics, physiologic parameter, symptoms, or preclinical disease states
- Increase the likelihood that an individual has or will develop a particular disease
EX: smoking, obesity, hypertension
What are the three levels of opportunity of Disease Prevention?
- Primary prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary prevention
What is the definition of Primary Prevention?
- Stopping disease before it starts
- Prevents the disease from occurring in the first place
EX: bicycle safety helmets, immunizations, water fluoride cation
What is the definition of Secondary prevention?
- Early detection of an Existing Disease while it is still asymptomatic
- provides an opportunity to intervene to cure or stop the progression of the condition
EX: Pap smear, mammogram, beta-blockers
What is the definition of Tertiary Prevention?
Optimum management of disease to minimize complications
EX: asthma control, DM management
What does the United States Preventative Service Task Force do?
They make prevention recommendation for the country
-It consists of independent, non governmental panel of experts in prevention and primary care
-They make nationwide preventive medicine recommendation, that are evidence-based
List and define the USPSTF letter grades
A: USPSTF recommends the service, high certainty that the net benefit is substantial
B: USPSTF recommends the service, high certainty that the net benefit is moderate
C: USPSTF recommends against routinely providing the service. Least moderate certainty and the net benefit is smal
D: USPSTF recommends against the service. Moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit
I: USPSTF current evidence is insufficient to asses the balance of benefits
What are the two behavioral theories?
- Trans theoretical model
2. Health Belief Model
What are the stages of the trans theoretical model?
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
Describe the pre-contemplation stage
People are not intending to take action
- tend to avoid reading, thinking, or talking about their high risk behaviors
- Need to encourage patients in this stage to really think about the positives and negatives
- Foreseeable future in the next 6 months
Describe the contemplation stage
Stage in which people are intending to change/take action within the next 6 months
-getting ready
Describe the preparation stage
Stage in which people are intending to take action in the immediate future
Describe the action stage
Stage in which people have made specific overt modification in their life-styles within the past 6 months
-actually doing
Describe the Maintenance stage
Stage in which people are working to prevent relapse but they do not apply change processes as frequently as do people in action
- has changed overt. Behavior longer than six months
What are the five A’s of intervention strategies?
Ask
- ask patient about past or current habits
Advise
- conducted in a clear, strong, and personalized manner
- urge them to stop bad habits
Asses
- Determine the willingness to make a quit attempt
Assist
- provide help to move the individual toward a successful quit attempt
Arrange
- follow-up, encourage the individual to remain abstinent
List and define REDS
Roll with resistance
- avoid arguing, don’t become the enemy
Express empathy
- accept the patient as they are
Develop discrepancy
- Patients should be the ones to present arguments for a health behavior change
- show patients the discrepancies between their current behavior and their important personal goals or values
Support self-efficacy
- Recognize small steps toward a larger goal, keeping the long-term goal in mind
What are the SMART goal setting?
S: specific M: Measurable A: Attainable R: Realistic T: Time-bound
