Using earths resources 2 Flashcards
Ceramic types
Glass ceramics
Clay ceramics
Soda lime glass
Mixing together:
Sand
Sodium carbonate
Limestone
Melted, solidified and cooled to be whatever shape
Soda lime glass uses
Bottles
Windows
Soda lime glass problem
Low melting point = limited uses
Borosilicate glass
Mixing:
Sand
Boron trioxide
Melted together
Borosilicate glass uses
Lab equipment ie test tubes
Kitchen appliances (Pyrex)
Benefit of borosilicate glass
Higher melting point
So can be used when we need to heat something
Clay ceramics
Made of clay (mineral from ground)
Wet, then can be shaped, then heated to harden
Clay ceramics uses
Pottery
Bricks
Composites
Combing 2 different materials:
-reinforcement
-matrix/ binder
Reinforcement
Fibres or fragments of 1 material when making composites
Matrix/binder
Surrounds the reinforcement when making composites
Carbon fibre composite
Reinforcement = carbon fibres
Matrix = plastic resin
Carbon fibre composite uses + properties
Strong
Light
Useful in cars/aircraft parts
Reinforced concrete composite
Reinforcement = steel bars
Matrix = concrete
Reinforced concrete uses and properties
Extremely strong
Buildings
What causes a difference in polymers if made by the same monomer?
Made using different conditions
Eg low density poly(ethene) and high density poly(ethene)
Different conditions = different properties = same monomer
How to change properties of a polymer?
Change conditions in the reaction:
Different Temperature
Different Pressure
Different catalyst
Thermosoftening ploymers
A type of polymer where there are layers of polymer chains above each other
Held together by INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Thermosoftening polymers properties
Melt when heated, become soft
Can reshape them when they are soft
Become solid when cooled again
What happens when a Thermosoftening polymer is heated?
Intermolecular forces between the layers break
So the strands no longer held together and separate
Thus melt
What happens when you cool a Thermosoftening polymer?
Reforms intermolecular forces
Thus go back to a solid
Thermosetting polymers
A type of polymer that has STRONG CROSS LINKS between polymer chains
Do NOT melt when heated
What happens when Thermosetting polymers are heated?
Strong cross links are not broken
Therefore do not melt
