Using earths resources 2

Question 1

Ceramic types

Answer 1

Glass ceramics
Clay ceramics

Question 2

Soda lime glass

Answer 2

Mixing together:
Sand
Sodium carbonate
Limestone
Melted, solidified and cooled to be whatever shape

Question 3

Soda lime glass uses

Answer 3

Bottles
Windows

Question 4

Soda lime glass problem

Answer 4

Low melting point = limited uses

Question 5

Borosilicate glass

Answer 5

Mixing:
Sand
Boron trioxide
Melted together

Question 6

Borosilicate glass uses

Answer 6

Lab equipment ie test tubes
Kitchen appliances (Pyrex)

Question 7

Benefit of borosilicate glass

Answer 7

Higher melting point
So can be used when we need to heat something

Question 8

Clay ceramics

Answer 8

Made of clay (mineral from ground)
Wet, then can be shaped, then heated to harden

Question 9

Clay ceramics uses

Answer 9

Pottery
Bricks

Question 10

Composites

Answer 10

Combing 2 different materials:
-reinforcement
-matrix/ binder

Question 11

Reinforcement

Answer 11

Fibres or fragments of 1 material when making composites

Question 12

Matrix/binder

Answer 12

Surrounds the reinforcement when making composites

Question 13

Carbon fibre composite

Answer 13

Reinforcement = carbon fibres
Matrix = plastic resin

Question 14

Carbon fibre composite uses + properties

Answer 14

Strong
Light
Useful in cars/aircraft parts

Question 15

Reinforced concrete composite

Answer 15

Reinforcement = steel bars
Matrix = concrete

Question 16

Reinforced concrete uses and properties

Answer 16

Extremely strong
Buildings

Question 17

What causes a difference in polymers if made by the same monomer?

Answer 17

Made using different conditions
Eg low density poly(ethene) and high density poly(ethene)
Different conditions = different properties = same monomer

Question 18

How to change properties of a polymer?

Answer 18

Change conditions in the reaction:
Different Temperature
Different Pressure
Different catalyst

Question 19

Thermosoftening ploymers

Answer 19

A type of polymer where there are layers of polymer chains above each other
Held together by INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Question 20

Thermosoftening polymers properties

Answer 20

Melt when heated, become soft
Can reshape them when they are soft
Become solid when cooled again

Question 21

What happens when a Thermosoftening polymer is heated?

Answer 21

Intermolecular forces between the layers break
So the strands no longer held together and separate
Thus melt

Question 22

What happens when you cool a Thermosoftening polymer?

Answer 22

Reforms intermolecular forces
Thus go back to a solid

Question 23

Thermosetting polymers

Answer 23

A type of polymer that has STRONG CROSS LINKS between polymer chains
Do NOT melt when heated

Question 24

What happens when Thermosetting polymers are heated?

Answer 24

Strong cross links are not broken
Therefore do not melt