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Chemistry > Important stuff to remember > Flashcards

Important stuff to remember Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium ion test colour

A

Yellow

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2
Q

Potassium flame test colour

A

Lilac

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3
Q

Lithium flame test colour

A

Crimson

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4
Q

Calcium flame test colour

A

Orange-red

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5
Q

Copper flame test colour

A

Green

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6
Q

Metal hydroxide tests

A

Add ionic compound to sodium hydroxide
Sodium displaces the metal from its compound, the metal forms hydroxide
Metal hydroxide = precipitate

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7
Q

Aluminium ions

A

Sodium hydroxide test
White precipitate
Add excess = dissolves itself

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8
Q

Magnesium ions

A

Sodium hydroxide tests
White precipitate
Add excess = insoluble

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9
Q

Calcium ions (precipitates)

A

Sodium hydroxide
White precipitate
Add excess = insoluble

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10
Q

Cu ii

A

Sodium hydroxide
Blue precipitate

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11
Q

Fe ii

A

Sodium hydroxide
Green precipitate

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12
Q

Fe iii

A

Brown precipitate

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13
Q

Carbonate ion

A

Add Hcl
Collect gas produced and bubble through limewater
Turns cloudy = carbon dioxide = carbon was produced

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14
Q

Halide ion

A

Add nitric acid HNO3
Add silver nitrate
Forms silver precipitate of halogens of different colours depending on it

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15
Q

Chlorine ion

A

White

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16
Q

Bromine ion

A

Cream

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17
Q

Iodine ion

A

Yellow

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18
Q

Sulfate ion test

A

Add dilute HCl
Add barium chloride
Forms white precipitate

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19
Q

Conditions for haber process

A

450°C
200 atm
Iron catalyst

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20
Q

Nitrogen in NPK fertilisers

A

Nitric acid + ammonia ——> ammonium nitrate

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21
Q

Phosphorous in NPK fertilisers

A

Ammonium phosphate
Calcium phosphate + calcium sulphate
Calcium phosphate on its own

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22
Q

Ammonium phosphate

A

Phosphate rock + nitric acid ——> phosphoric acid + calcium nitrate
Phosphoric acid + ammonium ——> ammonium phosphate

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23
Q

Single superphosphate

A

Phosphate rock + sulfuric acid ——> calcium phosphate + calcium sulphate

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24
Q

Triple superphosphate

A

Phosphate rock + phosphoric acid ——> calcium phosphate

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25
Q

Alkene test

A

Add orange bromine water
Shakeee
Turns colourless

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26
Q

Combustion of alkenes

A

Burn in air with smoky flame
Produces CO2 and H2O
Sometimes unburnt carbon

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27
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Using hydrogen to turn alkene to its corresponding alkane

28
Q

Hydrogenation conditions

A

150°c
Nickel catalyst

29
Q

Hydration

A

Reacting water vapour (steam) with an Alkene to form an alcohol

30
Q

Hydration conditions

A

300°c
70 atm
Phosphoric acid catalyst

31
Q

Alkene + halogen

A

Di + halogen stem + corresponding alkane

32
Q

Catalytic cracking conditions

A

Very high temp
Catalyst

33
Q

Steam cracking conditions

A

Very high temp
Steam

34
Q

Fermentation to make ethanol conditions

A

Anaerobic respiration of glucose with yeast
30°c

35
Q

Alcohol + water

A

Dissolved to form neutral pH solution

36
Q

Alcohol + sodium

A

Sodium (prefix)oxide +hydrogen

37
Q

Alcohol + oxygen

A

Carboxylic acid + water

38
Q

Combusting alcohol

A

Carbon dioxide + water

39
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate

A

Metal + stem of acid + ate
And CO2 and H2O
Eg sodium Ethanoate

40
Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol

A

Esters + water

41
Q

Making esters conditions

A

Sulphuric acid catalyst

42
Q

Functional group

A

The atom/ group of atoms that give a compound its specific characteristics

43
Q

Homologous series

A

A group of organic compounds with their own functional group

44
Q

Alkane functional group

45
Q

Alkane general formula

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

46
Q

Alkene general formula

47
Q

Alkene functional group

A

CₙH₂ₙ

48
Q

Alcohol functional group

49
Q

Alcohol general formula

A

CₙH₂ₙ +1OH

50
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

51
Q

Carboxylic acid general formula

A

CₙH₂ₙ+ COOH

52
Q

Ester functional group

A

=O
H H
O-C-C-H
H H

53
Q

What is glycine?

A

Amino acid molecule

54
Q

Amino acid molecules properties

A

Have 2 different functional groups
Eg glycine has amine group and carboxylic acid group

55
Q

Amine group functional group

56
Q

What can amino acid molecules do in terms of a polymer?

A

React to form a condensation polymer
Because they have 2 different functional groups

57
Q

What happens when glycine reacts together?

A

Forms a polymer of glycine with water on the outside

58
Q

Glycine how to remember

A

NH2CH2COOH

59
Q

Glycine actual displayed formula

A

H₂NCH₂COOH

60
Q

Repeating unit for poly glycine as polypeptide

A

(-HNCH₂COO-)n + nH2O

61
Q

Polypeptide

A

When 1 type of amino acid react to form a condensation polymer

62
Q

What happens when different amino acids combine in the same chain?

A

Forms a protein

63
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Encodes for genetic instructions that living organisms need to develop and function

64
Q

What does dna consists of?

A

2 polymer chains
From the monomer a nucleotide

65
Q

Double helix

A

What 2 polymer chains wrap around to form

66
Q

Other polymers

A

Proteins = polymer of amino acid
Starch = polymer of glucose
Cellulose = polymer of glucose

Chemistry (46 decks)

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