urology investigations

Question 1

bladder cancer investigations

1st line investigation and investigation to confirm diagnosis

Answer 1

1st line: flexible cytoscopy then ct urogram

2nd: biopsy to confirm diagnosis

Question 2

B-hcg is a marker of what type of tumour

Answer 2

choriocarcinoma: testicular germ cell tumour

Question 3

grading of renal carcinoma

Answer 3

T1: <7cm

T2: >7cm

T3: extends beyond kidney into renal vein, perinephric fat, renal sinus, IVC

T4: extends beyond gerotas fascia (aka anterior renal fascia) into surrounding structures

Question 4

what is the most lethal urological cancer

Answer 4

renal

Question 5

investigations for prostate cancer

Answer 5

1st line: ultrasound
then
CT chest and abdo for staging

Question 6

penile cancer Ix

Answer 6

1st: MRI to assess tumour depth

if advanced disease then: CT chest, abdo, pelvis

Question 7

what qmax score indicates 90% probablitity of urethral obstruction

Answer 7

qmax <10ml/s

Question 8

Cremasteric reflex is not present in what

Describe the cremasteric reflex

Answer 8

Testicular torsion

Touch the inner thigh and the ball sac will lift lol

Question 9

When do u need to send urine for culture for suspected uti

Answer 9

If they have diabetes…
Otherwise can treat straight away

Question 10

1st line Ix for hydrocele

Answer 10

doppler ultrasuond with colour

Question 11

what does a positive phrens sign indicate

Answer 11

relief upon elevation of the scrotum

Question 12

diagnostic test for UTI/cystitis

and who requires a diagnostic test

Answer 12

D.T: midstream urine culture sample sent for microscopu culture + sensitivity

who requires MSU: pregnant patients, patients w/ recurent UTIs, atypical symptoms and if symptoms are not improving with antibiotics