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Year 2 > endocrine wrong > Flashcards

endocrine wrong Flashcards

1
Q

what enzyme that converts active cortisol into inactive cortisol (cortisone)

A

11B-HSDII
(this is to stop cortisol outcompeting aldosterone binding to MR receptors)

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2
Q

what receptor does aldosterone bind to

A

MR receptors (mineralocorticoid Receptors)

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3
Q

cause of conns syndrome. include most common cause of conns

A

bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (60-70%)

adrenal adenoma etc

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4
Q

how is cortisol produced (from hypothalamus to pituitary…)

A

hypothalamus procuces CRH which acts on ANTERIOR pituitary releasing ACTH which acts on ZONA FASCIULATA (in adrenal cortex) to procude cortisol

CRH> ACTH> Cortisol

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5
Q

hormone pathway for breast milk and inhibitor

A

PRH (hypo.)> prolactin (in Ant. pit.)> breast milk

inhibited by dopamine sent from hypo

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6
Q

hormone pathway for thyroid hormone

A

TRH (hypo)> TSH (ant.pit.)> T3/T4 produced from thyroid gland

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7
Q

hormone pathway for insulin like growth factor
and inhibited by?

A

GHRH (hypo)> GH (ant.pit.)> liver to produce IGF (which acts on body tissues for growth)

inhibited by somatostatin (Hypo.)

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8
Q

GnRH hormone pathway

what inhibits GnRH

A

GnRH (hypo)> FSH & LH (both in ant. pit.) to produce androgens from testes
or
acts on ovaries too to produce estrogen and progesterone.
LH > germ cells of fonads

prolactin inhibits GnRH

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9
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

ADH (vasopressin) from hypothalamus throu Pos. pit. acts on kidneys to retain water

oxytocin (hypo)> mammary glands to stimulate contractions of breast tissue to aid lactation

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10
Q

thiazilodenes main mechanism of action and how they act

A

Which drug is an insulin sensitiser and acts on PPAR gamma agonist

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11
Q

Acromegaly associated with what type of vision loss

A

bilateral hemiopenia

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12
Q

de quervains has what type of goitre

A

PAINFUL

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13
Q

What is classed as hyperglycaemia

A

> 30mmol/L

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14
Q

where is affected by Tumours in Men1 disease

A

parathyroid, phaechromocytoma and pancreas, pituitary

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15
Q

where is affected by tumours caused by men 2a disease

A

medullary thyroid cancer
phaechromotyoma
parathyroid

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16
Q

where are tumours found men 2b disease

A

medullary thyroid cancer
phaechromotyoma

17
Q

what cells produce calcitonin

A

C cells aka parafollicular cells

18
Q

what type of goitre is present in graves disease

A

smooth goitre

19
Q

what drug can cause hypothyroidism presentation or a hyperthyroidism presentation

A

amiadarone

20
Q

side effect of spironolactone

A

gynaecomastaemia
(most common drug cause of this)

21
Q

prediabeted in hba1c

A
22
Q

what is pretibial myexoedema and what is it a symptom of

A

waxy shiny discoloured atrophic shins, hyperthyroidism

23
Q

3 causes for a higher-than-expected Hba1c reading

A

splenectomy
iron deficency anaemia
vitamin b12/folic acid deficiency

these all inc lifespan of red blood cell

24
Q

target blood pressure for someone <80 yrs old

A

clinic: <140/90

ABPM/HBPM: <135/85

25
Q

kallmans syndrome blood results

A

low/normal LH & FSH

low testosterone

26
Q

what drug for heart failure can cause gynaecomastemia

A

digoxin

27
Q

SIADH characterised by

A

hyponatraemia, low serum osmolality, high urine osmolality

28
Q

tsh and t4 levels for poor compliance with thyroxine

A

high TSH, normal T4

29
Q

subclinical hypothroidism TSH and T4 results

A

high TSH normal T4

30
Q

steroid therapy TSH and T4 results

A

low TSH, normal T4

31
Q

cause of primary hypogonadism and results

A

kleinfelters

high fsh/LH and low testosterone

32
Q

causes of secondary hypogonadism and blood results

(3)

A

kallmans syndrome, prolactinoma, pituitary adenoma etc.

low/ normal (inappropriately normal) fSH/LH > low testosterone

33
Q

abg results for prolonged diarreah

A

metabolic acidosis with hypokalemia

34
Q

abg results for addisonian crisis

A

metaboic acidosis aith hyperkalemia

35
Q

abg results for hyperaldosteronism

A

metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia

36
Q

abg results for cushings syndrome

A

same as hyperaldosteronism abg results

37
Q

abg results for cushings syndrome

A

same as hyperaldosteronism abg results

38
Q

most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma

Year 2 (50 decks)

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