anatomy general

Question 1

what is the incus/malleus suspended from/by in the tympanic cavity

Answer 1

suspended from tegmen tympani by ligaments

Question 2

what type of joints connect the bones in the tympanic cavity

Answer 2

synovial joints

Question 3

what does the otic capsule refer to

Answer 3

dense bone of the petrous temporal bone that surrounds the membranous labrynth of the inner ear

(aka the osseous labrynth/ bony labrynth)

Question 4

what muscles play a role in accoustic reflex

(accoustic reflex describes what the reaction of the ear drum to a loud sound)

Answer 4

stapedius and tensor tympani muscle

Question 5

nasopharynx/oropharynx innervation, also innervates…

Answer 5

CN IX
(glossopharyngeal nerve)

middle ear! good example of referred pain eg tonsilitis causes otalgia

Question 6

Laryngopharynx innervation

Answer 6

CN X

Question 7

Wht veretbral level does spinal cord end

Answer 7

L2

Question 8

What vertebral level does the subarachnoid space end

Answer 8

S2

Question 9

What vertebral level do u take csf fluid

Answer 9

L4

Question 10

what node drains the palatine tonsil

Answer 10

jugulo-digastric node found in the neck

Question 11

where does lymph from the scrotum/most of the penis (not the glands) drain

b) where are these nodes found

Answer 11

superficial linguinal nodes

b) found in the superficial fascia of the groin

Question 12

where does lymph from the testis drain into

Answer 12

lateral aortic and pre-aortic lymph nodes

Question 13

where does the lymph from the kidneys drain into

Answer 13

the lumbar nodes

Question 14

where does lymph from the ureters drain into

Answer 14

lumbar nodes and the illiac nodes

Question 15

where does lymph from the superficial inguinal drain

Answer 15

mostly directly into the external illiac nodes and some to the deep inguinal nodes

Question 16

describe the route of the superficial lymph nodes of the lower limb

Answer 16

follows saphenous veins> drains into superficial lymph nodes> some deep inguinal lymph nodes but mostly drains directly into the external illiac nodes

Question 17

where do the deep lymphatics of the lower limbs drain into

Answer 17

popliteal lymph nodes> superficial inguinal nodes

Question 18

where do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain

Answer 18

axillary lymph nodes (which drain into the subclavian nodes)

Question 19

where do the thyroid veins drain

Answer 19

superior and middle drain into the internal jugular veins

inferior thyroid vein drains into the left bracioceohalic vein

Question 20

where does the upper thyroid lymph drain into

Answer 20

superior deep cervicaly lymph nodes or the prelaryngeal nodes (which then drain into superior deep cervical lymph nodes)

Question 21

inferior thyroid lymph drainage

Answer 21

inferior deep cervical lymph nodes