Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LAM II-RUSVM > Urology-Dr. French > Flashcards

Urology-Dr. French Flashcards

1
Q

What species are rads performed on when performing diagnostics for food animal urology?

A

Small/young ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which kidney can you palpate rectally and where is each kidney located in terms of vertebrae?

A

Palpate L kidney rectally (found on R side)
L kidney in 3rd-5th lumbar vertebra, mobile
R kidney in 12th thoracic-3rd lumbar vertebra, not mobile, cannot palpate rectally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which kidney is more cranially located?

A

Right kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the physical appearance of a bovine kidney?

A

Lobulated

Smooth in sheep, goats and pig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If there is obstruction of the ureters, what will you rectally palpate?

A

Pulsation of the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four main compenents evaluated on a FA UA?

A

SG, pH, protein, ketones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What parameter do we monitor to evaluate renal function?

A

Crea in FA

BUN is recycled through the rumen which may prolong the time it takes to increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a common cause of obstruction in small ruminant practice?

A

Obstructive urolithiasis commonly due to crystals

Common in early castrated small ruminants due to the smaller urethra size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are struvite crystals in the urine usually caused by?

A

High concentrate diets (very common in backyard breeders)
Diets high in Ca, Mg and/or P
Vitamin A deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If Ca carbonate/Ca oxalate crystals are seen what could it be caused by and what should you focus on for tx?

A

Caused by legumes/oxalates (apples, sweet potatoes, dock, pigweed)
Focus on pasture management with increased H20 for these crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What pH do calculi most commonly form in?

A

Alkaline urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the most common obstruction sites?

A

Urethral process

Distal sigmoid flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are three syndromes that can be seen from obstructive urolithiasis?

A
  1. urethral obstruction (partial/complete)
  2. urethral rupture
  3. bladder rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can prolonged partial obstruction cause in the urethra?

A

Urethral strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are clinical findings in a patient with obstructive urolithiasis?

A

Stranguria (can look like constipation), kicking at abdomen (painful), tail switching, blood/crystals in preputial hairs, tachypnea, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two sequelae to untreated urethral obstruction?

A

Ruptured urethra with accumulation of SQ urine ventrally

Ruptured bladder with development of uroperitoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If you suspect a ruptured urethra, what will you notice?

A

Ventral/preputial edema, signs of uremia, sloughing of SQ tissues, preputial adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If you suspect a ruptured bladder what will you notice?

A

Pain may subside, gradual abdominal distention, depression, large amounts of abdominal fluids (clear fluids on tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the first thing we want to do in terms of treatment for an obstructive urolithiasis case?

A

Phenothiazine tranquilizers- we want the patient to relax!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What other treatments would you consider/administer for an obstructive urolithiasis patient?

A

IV fluids (NaCl), slow drainage of abdomen, anti-inflammatory drugs (ESSENTIAL)

21
Q

What is a surgical management option for a small ruminant with an obstructive urolithiasis?

A

Amputation of urethral process

22
Q

What is a problem with using urethral catheterization w/ retrograde flushing?

A

The urethra may be friable at obstruction site

23
Q

Why is it difficult to catheterize the bladder in ruminants?

A

Suburethral diverticulum

24
Q

What type of lavage solution will you use when using a urethral catheter for retrograde flushing?

A

Walpol’s solution (glacial acetic acid)

We are trying to make the environment as acidic as we can to try and break apart the crystals

25
Q

What is the surgical treatment done in feedlot cattle for obstructive urolithiasis?

A

Perineal urethrostomy

26
Q

What is the surgical treatment done in valuable bulls for obstructive urolithiasis?

A

Ischial urethrostomy (DIFFICULT)

27
Q

What is the surgical treatment done in breeding animals and pets for obstructive urolithiasis?

A

Tube cystotomy

28
Q

What is a common post-op problem with perineal urethrostomy?

A

Post-op stricture

29
Q

What is the most common type of UTI?

A

Ascending infections commonly due to stagnation of urine flow from dehydration, downer cows, infected urachus, cystotomy tubes, trauma from uroliths

30
Q

What are good Ab for a UTI?

A

Penicillin & B-lactams

31
Q

What should you promote in a patient with a UTI?

A

Diuresis (flush out the bacteria)

32
Q

What is the causative agent of contagious bovine pyelonephritis?

A

Corynebacterium renale

33
Q

What is found on the UA of a patient with contagious bovine pyelonephritis?

A

RBC, WBC, protein and bacteria

34
Q

What is the causative agent of ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis?

A

Corynebacterium renale

35
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis?

A

Bacteria hydrolyzes urea to form ammonia in urine of animals on high protein diet which excretes high levels of urea

36
Q

What type of small ruminants are worse off with ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis?

A

Angoras and Merionos due to hair at the preputial orifice

37
Q

What is the treatment for ulcerative posthitis and vulvitis?

A

Debride and emollient antibacterial ointment

38
Q

What is an acute disease of bulls and steers mainly caused by environmental issues?

A

Necrotic posthitis- usually due to wet feedlot pens

39
Q

What is the agent commonly involved with necrotic posthitis?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

40
Q

Chronic leptospirosis may lead to what?

A

Diffuse interstitial nephritis

41
Q

What is the dx of choice for Leptospirosis?

A

Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)

42
Q

What tx have been recommended for Leptospirosis patients?

A

Tetracyclines and penicillins

43
Q

What is embolic nephritis secondary to?

A

Bacteremia or septicemia

44
Q

What can chronic ingestion of braken fern lead to?

A

Intermittent hematuria and promotes bladder neoplasia
(exam may reveal thickened bladder)
No tx-remove from source

45
Q

What are the toxic principles of Oak poisoning?

A

Tannin or gallotanin

46
Q

When is a patent urachus commonly seen?

A

Post c-section

47
Q

When will a urachal abscess develop?

A

within the first 1-2 weeks of life

48
Q

T/F: polycystic kidney disease is typically bilateral

A

FALSE-unilateral

LAM II-RUSVM (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions