Hepatotoxicities-Bittar

Question 1

What is the number 1 cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis in the US?

Answer 1

Tansy ragwort (yellow flowers)

Question 2

Which pyrrolizidine alkaloid contains titerpenoid compounds leading to intraheptaic cholestasis?

Answer 2

Lantana (purple flowers)

Question 3

What are the main sources of aflatoxin?

Answer 3

Corn, peanuts and cotton seed

Question 4

What is the difference in clinical effects when >1000 ppb, >650 ppb, and >350ppb of aflatoxins are ingested?

Answer 4

> 1000 ppb: severe liver damage (hemorrhage, bloody diarrhea, sudden death)
650 ppb: hepatic failure (icterus, anorexia, ataxia, weakness, tremors, rumen hypomotility, abortion)
350 ppb: insidious liver failure (anemia, ascites, abnormal chemistry)

Question 5

What parasite commonly affects cattle in the winter and spring and habitats in the abomasum?

Answer 5

Ostertagia

Question 6

What is the difference between Type 1 Ostertagia and Type 2 Ostertagia?

Answer 6

Type 1: grazing period (failure to gain weight and dark green diarrhea)
Type 2: emergence of arrested larvae (anthelmintic tx, change of diet, change in weather conditions)

Question 7

What is the cause of “Pipe stem liver”

Answer 7

Fasciola hepatica

Question 8

Where is majority of the distribution of fasciola hepatica?

Answer 8

Southwest