Dairy Production systems/herd health-Bittar

Question 1

What is the main component of milk?

Answer 1

Water

Also composed of fats, protein and lactose

Question 2

What is the main protein in milk?

Answer 2

Caesin protein

Question 3

What is the main lipid in milk?

Answer 3

Triglycerides

Question 4

What is the limit of total bacteria and somatic cell count that can be found in raw milk?

Answer 4

Total bacteria: 30,000/mL

Somatic cell count: <750,000/mL

Question 5

What happens to the shelf life of milk if there is a high somatic cell count?

Answer 5

This means there are high WBC meaning that the shelf life is decreased

Question 6

What is the difference in Grade A vs. Grade B dairy operations?

Answer 6

Grade A: production of high quality milk suitable for fluid milk consumption (no human contact-all automated)
Grade B: dairy products –> butter, powder milk and cheese

Question 7

How is milk examined for Ab residue at each pick up?

Answer 7

Snap test

Question 8

What is the max bacterial count difference from Grade A vs. Grade B?

Answer 8

Grade A: 100,000/mL

Grade B: 1,000,000/mL

Question 9

What Ab has zero milk residue?

Answer 9

Ceftiofur

Question 10

What are three examples of prohibited drugs/compounds in dairy cattle?

Answer 10

DMSO
Colloidal silver
Systemically acting drugs applied topically (ivermectins and avarmectin and levamisole)

Question 11

What is the current trend in dairy farms in terms of production and head of calves?

Answer 11

Decrease in cows with an increased milk production (can be attributed to genetics, management and nutrition)

Question 12

What can be injected to increase milk production by 15%?

Answer 12

BST Somatotroipin/GH

Question 13

What cow breed has the highest % of fat in the milk?

Answer 13

Jersey cows

Question 14

What breed of cows have the highest milk volume produced?

Answer 14

Holstein

Question 15

T/F: The volume of milk production and the fat content of milk have an inverse relationship?

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

What defines the “dry period”

Answer 16

Period in which the cow is not lactating and she is in her final stage of gestation (6-8 weeks prior to gestation)

Question 17

What is a fresh cow?

Answer 17

A cow that has just calved less than 3-4 weeks ago

Question 18

What is the transition period in diary cattle?

Answer 18

3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition

Question 19

How many days on average are dairy cattle milked?

Answer 19

305 days

Question 20

What are two common causes to attribute infertility with in dairy cattle?

Answer 20

Heat stress and lameness

Question 21

What is the average lactation number?

Answer 21

2.5

Question 22

What is the peak lactation period?

Answer 22

4-6 weeks

Question 23

What are some bedding options for diary cattle?

Answer 23

Mattresses (foam or water)
Straw
Recycled manure/compost
Sand (GOLD STANDARD)

Question 24

What does straw bedding predispose cows to?

Answer 24

Klebsiella mastitis

Question 25

What type of floors are recommended to prevent cows from slipping when walking to their pen?

Answer 25

Grooved concrete floors

Question 26

What is a common problem caused by poor hygiene of pens due to increased manure/slurry?

Answer 26

Infectious claw disease | "Foot warts" or "Hairy heel wart"

Question 27

What is the treatment for hairy heel warts?

Answer 27

Topical treatment with tetracycline powder

Question 28

What are lactating cows mainly fed?

Answer 28

TMR

Question 29

Corn silage and hay are chopped to 3/4-1 inch to increase what?

Answer 29

Increases the scratch factor which in turn increases rumination/saliva production

Question 30

What is a con to overmixing TMR?

Answer 30

The particle size will be too small and there will not be adequate rumination

Question 31

Which pan of the Penn State Shaker box retains fiber vs. concentrate?

Answer 31

``` Fiber= 1st pan (8-12%) Concentrate= Bottom pan (30%-40%) ```

Question 32

What three problems can heat stress predispose a cow to?

Answer 32

Infertility Rumen acidosis Mastitis

Question 33

What constitutes organic dairy?

Answer 33

Production w/out Ab, pesticides or growth hormones | Ab can be used, withdrawal period is extended

Question 34

T/F: Synthetic milk is prohibited for a milk replacer in calves on an organic farm

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

What are two potential problems with zero confinement/pasture system?

Answer 35

Infectious claw disease | Thin soles/sole hemorrhage

Question 36

What is slug/component feeding?

Answer 36

Large amounts of concentrates, typically seen in zero confinement/pasture system This can predispose a cow to rumen acidosis

Question 37

How long should you leave a teat in pre-dip bath prior to milking?

Answer 37

30 seconds

Question 38

What percentage of milking vs. massage is seen with automatic milking machines?

Answer 38

60% milking | 40% massage

Question 39

How much IgG does a calf need in the first two hours of life?

Answer 39

150-200 g of IgG

Question 40

What does natural suckling result in?

Answer 40

High rates of FPT

Question 41

What can be done to perform a castration in a calf 3-4 weeks of age?

Answer 41

Surgical w/ local anesthetic | Emasculotome/Burdizoo if environment contaminated

Question 42

What can be done to perform a castration in a weaning calf?

Answer 42

Surgical or emasculotome

Question 43

Around what age should a calf be dehorned to reduce risk of calf scours?

Answer 43

After 4 weeks of age | Start Meloxicam the day before

Question 44

What block is given to a calf presenting for dehorning and where is it administered?

Answer 44

2% Lidocaine block at the cornual branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve