Dairy Production systems/herd health-Bittar Flashcards
What is the main component of milk?
Water
Also composed of fats, protein and lactose
What is the main protein in milk?
Caesin protein
What is the main lipid in milk?
Triglycerides
What is the limit of total bacteria and somatic cell count that can be found in raw milk?
Total bacteria: 30,000/mL
Somatic cell count: <750,000/mL
What happens to the shelf life of milk if there is a high somatic cell count?
This means there are high WBC meaning that the shelf life is decreased
What is the difference in Grade A vs. Grade B dairy operations?
Grade A: production of high quality milk suitable for fluid milk consumption (no human contact-all automated)
Grade B: dairy products –> butter, powder milk and cheese
How is milk examined for Ab residue at each pick up?
Snap test
What is the max bacterial count difference from Grade A vs. Grade B?
Grade A: 100,000/mL
Grade B: 1,000,000/mL
What Ab has zero milk residue?
Ceftiofur
What are three examples of prohibited drugs/compounds in dairy cattle?
DMSO
Colloidal silver
Systemically acting drugs applied topically (ivermectins and avarmectin and levamisole)
What is the current trend in dairy farms in terms of production and head of calves?
Decrease in cows with an increased milk production (can be attributed to genetics, management and nutrition)
What can be injected to increase milk production by 15%?
BST Somatotroipin/GH
What cow breed has the highest % of fat in the milk?
Jersey cows
What breed of cows have the highest milk volume produced?
Holstein
T/F: The volume of milk production and the fat content of milk have an inverse relationship?
TRUE
What defines the “dry period”
Period in which the cow is not lactating and she is in her final stage of gestation (6-8 weeks prior to gestation)
What is a fresh cow?
A cow that has just calved less than 3-4 weeks ago
What is the transition period in diary cattle?
3 weeks before and 3 weeks after parturition
How many days on average are dairy cattle milked?
305 days
What are two common causes to attribute infertility with in dairy cattle?
Heat stress and lameness
What is the average lactation number?
2.5
What is the peak lactation period?
4-6 weeks
What are some bedding options for diary cattle?
Mattresses (foam or water)
Straw
Recycled manure/compost
Sand (GOLD STANDARD)
What does straw bedding predispose cows to?
Klebsiella mastitis
What type of floors are recommended to prevent cows from slipping when walking to their pen?
Grooved concrete floors
What is a common problem caused by poor hygiene of pens due to increased manure/slurry?
Infectious claw disease
“Foot warts” or “Hairy heel wart”
What is the treatment for hairy heel warts?
Topical treatment with tetracycline powder
What are lactating cows mainly fed?
TMR
Corn silage and hay are chopped to 3/4-1 inch to increase what?
Increases the scratch factor which in turn increases rumination/saliva production
What is a con to overmixing TMR?
The particle size will be too small and there will not be adequate rumination
Which pan of the Penn State Shaker box retains fiber vs. concentrate?
Fiber= 1st pan (8-12%) Concentrate= Bottom pan (30%-40%)
What three problems can heat stress predispose a cow to?
Infertility
Rumen acidosis
Mastitis
What constitutes organic dairy?
Production w/out Ab, pesticides or growth hormones
Ab can be used, withdrawal period is extended
T/F: Synthetic milk is prohibited for a milk replacer in calves on an organic farm
TRUE
What are two potential problems with zero confinement/pasture system?
Infectious claw disease
Thin soles/sole hemorrhage
What is slug/component feeding?
Large amounts of concentrates, typically seen in zero confinement/pasture system
This can predispose a cow to rumen acidosis
How long should you leave a teat in pre-dip bath prior to milking?
30 seconds
What percentage of milking vs. massage is seen with automatic milking machines?
60% milking
40% massage
How much IgG does a calf need in the first two hours of life?
150-200 g of IgG
What does natural suckling result in?
High rates of FPT
What can be done to perform a castration in a calf 3-4 weeks of age?
Surgical w/ local anesthetic
Emasculotome/Burdizoo if environment contaminated
What can be done to perform a castration in a weaning calf?
Surgical or emasculotome
Around what age should a calf be dehorned to reduce risk of calf scours?
After 4 weeks of age
Start Meloxicam the day before
What block is given to a calf presenting for dehorning and where is it administered?
2% Lidocaine block at the cornual branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve
