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LAM II-RUSVM > Bovine Respiratory Disease-Dr. French > Flashcards

Bovine Respiratory Disease-Dr. French Flashcards

1
Q

Where is most respiratory pathology going to be auscultated?

A

On the right side due to increased lung lobes

Major branching of bronchi occurs to middle/accessory lung lobe on R side

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2
Q

What is the first lung lobe to be affected?

A

The R accessory lung lobe

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3
Q

When are we most concerned about respiratory pathology?

A

When there is an absence of air flow

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4
Q

If we suspect a bacterial infection, where will majority of the problem lie in the lungs?

A

Ventral due to the high cell count (heavy)

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5
Q

What is the characteristic stance of respiratory disease?

A

Stand motionless, elbows abducted, head lowered w/ neck extended, open mouth breathing

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6
Q

Where would you auscultate respiratory pathology if the cause was interstitial infection?

A

All over the lung fields

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7
Q

What is the most important thing to listen for when determining if there is respiratory pathology?

A

Air flow- when there is absence we should be concerned

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8
Q

What would we suspect if a patient presents with a non-productive cough?

A

Tracheal irritation

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9
Q

What would we suspect if a patient presents with a productive cough?

A

Removal of excess mucous, inflammatory products or foreign material

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10
Q

What would we suspect if a patient presents with sneezing?

A

Allergic rhinitis

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11
Q

What would we suspect if a patient presents with expiratory grunting?

A

Thoracic pain (pleuritic and severe pneumonia)

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12
Q

What would we suspect if a patient presents with inspiratory and expiratory grunting?

A

Cranial abdominal pain

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13
Q

What are some differentials if stridor is heard on inspiration?

A

Decrease in cross-sectional area of larynx

Laryngeal calf diphtheria

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14
Q

What are some differentials if snoring is heard on PE?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess
External pressure on larynx or upper airway
Balling gun induced in older animals

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15
Q

What clinical presentation will be observed in a cow with sinusitis?

A

Obvious discharges from head, squinting eyes, head pressing, reluctant for a head exam

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16
Q

What might you notice when doing a sinus percussion on a patient with sinusitis?

A

Dull resonance (normal will sound hollow)

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17
Q

How do nasal obstructions present?

A

Unilateral airflow deficit and respiratory stridor
OR
Severe dyspnea w/ open mouth breathing from bilateral obstruction

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18
Q

If both nostrils have reduced airflow, where is the mass located?

A

Caudal to nasal septum

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19
Q

What can a patient be put on if the nasal obstruction is caused by a fungal mass from Actinobacillosis or Nocardiosis?

A

Na Iodide IV solution

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20
Q

What are some common causes of pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscesses?

A

Inappropriate use of oral dosing equipment
Stomach tubes
Coarse feedstuffs

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21
Q

What are some CS of a patient with a pharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscess?

A

Head/neck extension, pharyngeal swelling, increased water/decreased feed, malodorous breath, severe pain on palpation

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22
Q

What occurs secondary to condritis of laryngeal cartilages?

A

Laryngeal/Pharyngeal dysfunction

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23
Q

What is a common name for Bovine Herpes Virus 1?

A

Red nose

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24
Q

What are the differences in the three subtypes of Bovine Herpes Virus 1?

A
  1. 1: respiratory disease and abortion
  2. 2a: genital tract infections
  3. 2b: respiratory disease, no abortions
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25
Q

T/F: all three subtypes of BHV1 share Ag properties so the vaccination offers cross protection?

A

TRUE

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26
Q

What age is BHV1 most commonly seen?

A

In calves >6 months of age

27
Q

What is a common way to dx BHV1?

A

Nasal swabs for viral isolation

28
Q

What two respiratory diseases lead to mucosal sloughing?

A

BHV1 and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

29
Q

What are some CS of BHV1?

A

Fever, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, labored breathing, hyperemia of muzzle, pustules and diphtheretic plaques
Primary lung lesions NOT seen

30
Q

Parainfluenza-3 most commonly affects what type of cells and in what location?

A

Epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract

Damage to mucociliary transport leading to mild bronchitis

31
Q

What is a characteristic sound produced in PI-3?

A

Tracheal rales

32
Q

What will be found on PM exam from a calf with PI-3?

A

Mild interstitial pneumonia

Intracytoplasmic inclusion in mucosa

33
Q

When is bovine coronavirus most commonly seen?

A

Post stressful event

Can commonly contribute to development of calf scours

34
Q

In patients with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, the lungs cannot fully expand with air, what is a result of this?

A

Pulmonary emphysema and SQ emphysema

35
Q

What group of cattle does BRSV most commonly occur in?

A

YOUNG CATTLE- 3-12 months old (unvaccinated)

36
Q

What is a potential reproductive effect associated with BRSV and what causes it?

A

Abortions caused by pyrexia

37
Q

What is a common diagnostic test done for BRSV?

A

IHC of lung tissue

38
Q

What is the most common subtype of BVD seen in the US?

A

1b

39
Q

Who is the most important reservoir for BVD?

A

PI calves

These calves are infected in-utero, born infected, and immunotolerant to BVD that causes infection in other calves/cows

40
Q

What is the gold standard dx test for BVD and what is our source of collection?

A

Virus isolation through nasal swabs

41
Q

What is the most common pathogen associated with shipping fever?

A

mannheimia haemolytica

42
Q

When is a soft cough seen with mannheimia haemolytica infection?

A

6-10 days post stressful event

43
Q

Why is there high mortality seen w/ mannheimia haemolytica?

A

Bronchial obstruction w/ fibrinous exudates

44
Q

What does mannheimia haemolytica cause?

A

Severe fibrinous pleuropneumonia

45
Q

What pathology is seen with the lung lobes on necropsy of a patient with mannheimia haemolytica?

A

Cranioventral lung lobe pathology

Dark reddish-black to grayish-brown and firm with marked distention of interlobular septae by gelatinous yellow fluid

46
Q

What is the second most common pathogen associated with shipping fever?

A

Pasteurella mulocida

47
Q

What does pasteurella multocida cause?

A

Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia

“Pus former”-multiple coalescing abscesses are common

48
Q

This bacteria causes excess fibrin on pleural surface of lungs within 2 weeks of arrival in feedlot leading to bronchopneumonia

A

Histophilus somni

49
Q

What are the two species of mycoplasma that are common?

A

Mycoplasma dispar- seen shortly after grouping dairy calves that have been raised individually in hutches
Mycoplasma bovis- more severe presentations

50
Q

What does Mycoplasma cause?

A

Lobar bronchopneumonia w/ severe peribronchial cuffing

51
Q

What is a characteristic presentation of mycoplasma?

A

Pneumonia-arthritis syndrome

Can have otitis media

52
Q

What lesions are seen with mycoplasma?

A

Coagulative necrosis lesions present as a purulent center

53
Q

What type of immune response is stimulated by Mycoplasma?

A

TH2 immune response

54
Q

What is the dx method of choice for mycoplasma?

A

Immunohistochemistry of lung sections

55
Q

Also known as “Fog Fever”

A

Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema

56
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Fog Fever?

A

3-methylindole causes extensive and selective necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type I pneumocytes and increases alveolar permeability leading to edema, thickening of alveolar interstitium and interstitial emphysema

57
Q

When is Fog Fever commonly seen?

A

Cattle that abruptly start grazing lush pastures after being on poor quality pasture or drylot

58
Q

Where is fog fever most noticable in the lungs?

A

Caudal lung lobes

59
Q

What are some CS of Fog Fever?

A

Severe respiratory distress 10 days post pasture change
expiratory dypnea
Oral breathing
Evidence of emphysema in lungs (+/- SQ emphysema)

60
Q

What is a tx option for fog fever?

A

Feeding ionophores- will alter rumen metabolic profile reducing 3-methylindole

61
Q

What causes “eosinophilic syndrome”?

A

Verminous pneumonia

62
Q

Where do adult parasites live in the lungs?

A

Caudal lobes leading to severe bronchial irritation, bronchitis and pulmonary edema
Responsible for lobular atelectasis and interstitial emphysema

63
Q

When is verminous pneumonia most commonly seen?

A

In calves during their first summer grazing

LAM II-RUSVM (19 decks)

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