Neuro dz in FA Flashcards
What is controlled by the following cerebral locations: Vestibular Frontal lobe Brainstem Cortex Occipital lobe Basal ganglia
Vestibular: circling/head tilt
Frontal lobe: propulsive movement
Brainstem: disturbed sensorium, blind, seizures
Cortex: consciousness
Occipital lobe: visual reception and interpretation
Basal ganglia: processing link, initiates and directs voluntary movement
Where do most CN arise from?
Brain stem
What are signs of UMN disease?
Spasticity and hypertonia
Loss of inhibition of myotactic reflexes
Spinal reflexes intact/exaggerated
Loss of voluntary motor function
What are signs of LMN disease?
Hypotonia, hyporeflexia Muscle weakness Loss of spinal reflexes Muscle atrophy Loss of motor innervation
What two viruses cause hydrocephalus?
Bluetongue and Akabane
What does vitamin A deficiency interfere with?
Absorption of CSF at the arachnoid villi
What is the pathogenesis of Vitamin A deficiency?
Interference of CSF absorption –> CSF pressure elevates –> Blindness/seizures –> Papilledema at optic chiasm
Cerebellar abiotrophy is an autosomal recessive trait of what cattle breeds?
Herefords and shorthorns
Malformed vertebral canal causes what in Charolais, Herefords and Jerseys?
Charolais: myelin disorder
Hereford: neuraxial edema
Jerseys: Hereditary hypomyelinogenesis
What kind of effect does tetanolysin have on the body?
Tissue necrotizing effect
- decreased tissue oxygenation
- facilitates bacterial proliferation
What does Tetanus do to inhibitory neurons?
Inhibits the action preventing release of glycine and GABA
Irreversible bind
What are some CS of tetanus?
Pump-handle tail Sardonic grin Prolapsed third eyelid Spasm of masseter muscles (lock jaw) Dysphagia
What do patients with Tetanus usually die from?
Death by respiratory paralysis
What are the four tx options for tetanus?
Eliminate infection (wound debridement)
Neutralization of free TeNT (only before taken up into nerve)
Relief of muscle spasms
Provision of good nursing care
What does clostridium botulinum cause?
Blocks Ach release and causes flaccid paralysis
What is caused by an ascending LMN infection from tick transmission?
Tick paralysis
What are the three phases of Rabies?
Prodromal
Furious (infect limbic system)
Paralytic (infect neocortex)
What serotypes cause encephalitic listeriosis?
1a
2a
4b
What does the body pH have to be at for Listeriosis to proliferate?
> 5.5
What is the hallmark sign of listeriosis?
Unilateral CN deficits
Circling to R, head tilt, facial paralysis
What is the tx for Listeriosis?
PPG and OTC
What does the CSF look like with Listeria infection?
Inclusion proteins and high count of mononuclear cells
Where are the lesions most severe with Listeria infection?
Pons & Medulla
What is the cause of TEME?
Histophilus somni
How long with a TEME infection until CS arise?
36 hours
What does TEME cause internally?
Drastic influx of albumin and reduced transendothelial electrical resistance–> increased paracellular permeability of vascular endothelial cells
What is another name for TEME infection?
Sleeper syndrome
What are brain abscesses caused by?
Truperella pyogens
What is the mesh of capillary beds covering the pituitary called?
Rete mirabile
What is the valveless venous system that bathes the pituitary?
Cavernous sinus
What does thiamine deficiency cause?
Polioencephalomalacia
Swelling and softening of the gray matter caused by dysfunction of the Na-K ATP pump
What do grain diets promote allowing for the dysfunction of the Na-K ATPase pump?
Promote H2S gas
What are the toxic levels of sulfur in water, diet and rumen gas?
Water: >1000 ppm
Diet: >4000 ppm
Rumen gas: >1000 ppm
What is the tx for nervous ketosis?
50% glucose IV and then propylene glycol PO for a few days
What is otitis media caused by?
Mycoplasma bovis
What is seen on blood smear with a cattle who has lead poisoning?
Basophilic stippling & normocytic, normochromic anemia
What is the tx for lead poisoning?
CaEDTA
What does enzootic ataxia cause and what causes it?
Copper deficiency
Bilateral symmetric myelin degradation in dorsolateral spinal cord tracts –> “Swayback”
What is the major lesion of progressive ataxia in cattle?
Eosinophilic plaques on white matter in brain/spinal cord
What cattle breeds are seen with progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy?
Brown swiss and Angler calves
“Weaver syndrome”
WHere are lesions of “Weaver syndrome” at?
White matter of spinal cord
What does sciatica present as?
Dropped hock and knuckled fetlock
What does femoral n. paralysis present as?
Hunched over and non-weight bearing
What does obturator n. paralysis present as?
Splay leg
What parasite in cattle leads to neuro signs- 1st instar larvae migrate to SQ
Hypoderma bovis
