Neuro dz in FA Flashcards by Caitlyn Crawford

What is controlled by the following cerebral locations:
Vestibular
Frontal lobe
Brainstem
Cortex
Occipital lobe
Basal ganglia

Vestibular: circling/head tilt
Frontal lobe: propulsive movement
Brainstem: disturbed sensorium, blind, seizures
Cortex: consciousness
Occipital lobe: visual reception and interpretation
Basal ganglia: processing link, initiates and directs voluntary movement

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Where do most CN arise from?

Brain stem

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What are signs of UMN disease?

Spasticity and hypertonia
Loss of inhibition of myotactic reflexes
Spinal reflexes intact/exaggerated
Loss of voluntary motor function

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What are signs of LMN disease?

Hypotonia, hyporeflexia
Muscle weakness
Loss of spinal reflexes
Muscle atrophy
Loss of motor innervation

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What two viruses cause hydrocephalus?

Bluetongue and Akabane

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What does vitamin A deficiency interfere with?

Absorption of CSF at the arachnoid villi

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What is the pathogenesis of Vitamin A deficiency?

Interference of CSF absorption –> CSF pressure elevates –> Blindness/seizures –> Papilledema at optic chiasm

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Cerebellar abiotrophy is an autosomal recessive trait of what cattle breeds?

Herefords and shorthorns

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Malformed vertebral canal causes what in Charolais, Herefords and Jerseys?

Charolais: myelin disorder
Hereford: neuraxial edema
Jerseys: Hereditary hypomyelinogenesis

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What kind of effect does tetanolysin have on the body?

Tissue necrotizing effect

decreased tissue oxygenation
facilitates bacterial proliferation

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What does Tetanus do to inhibitory neurons?

Inhibits the action preventing release of glycine and GABA

Irreversible bind

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What are some CS of tetanus?

Pump-handle tail
Sardonic grin
Prolapsed third eyelid
Spasm of masseter muscles (lock jaw)
Dysphagia

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What do patients with Tetanus usually die from?

Death by respiratory paralysis

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What are the four tx options for tetanus?

Eliminate infection (wound debridement)
Neutralization of free TeNT (only before taken up into nerve)
Relief of muscle spasms
Provision of good nursing care

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What does clostridium botulinum cause?

Blocks Ach release and causes flaccid paralysis

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What is caused by an ascending LMN infection from tick transmission?

Tick paralysis

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What are the three phases of Rabies?

Prodromal
Furious (infect limbic system)
Paralytic (infect neocortex)

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What serotypes cause encephalitic listeriosis?

1a
2a
4b

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What does the body pH have to be at for Listeriosis to proliferate?

> 5.5

What is the hallmark sign of listeriosis?

Unilateral CN deficits

Circling to R, head tilt, facial paralysis

What is the tx for Listeriosis?

PPG and OTC

What does the CSF look like with Listeria infection?

Inclusion proteins and high count of mononuclear cells

Where are the lesions most severe with Listeria infection?

Pons & Medulla

What is the cause of TEME?

Histophilus somni

How long with a TEME infection until CS arise?

36 hours

What does TEME cause internally?

Drastic influx of albumin and reduced transendothelial electrical resistance--> increased paracellular permeability of vascular endothelial cells

What is another name for TEME infection?

Sleeper syndrome

What are brain abscesses caused by?

Truperella pyogens

What is the mesh of capillary beds covering the pituitary called?

Rete mirabile

What is the valveless venous system that bathes the pituitary?

Cavernous sinus

What does thiamine deficiency cause?

Polioencephalomalacia | Swelling and softening of the gray matter caused by dysfunction of the Na-K ATP pump

What do grain diets promote allowing for the dysfunction of the Na-K ATPase pump?

Promote H2S gas

What are the toxic levels of sulfur in water, diet and rumen gas?

Water: >1000 ppm Diet: >4000 ppm Rumen gas: >1000 ppm

What is the tx for nervous ketosis?

50% glucose IV and then propylene glycol PO for a few days

What is otitis media caused by?

Mycoplasma bovis

What is seen on blood smear with a cattle who has lead poisoning?

Basophilic stippling & normocytic, normochromic anemia

What is the tx for lead poisoning?

CaEDTA

What does enzootic ataxia cause and what causes it?

Copper deficiency | Bilateral symmetric myelin degradation in dorsolateral spinal cord tracts --> "Swayback"

What is the major lesion of progressive ataxia in cattle?

Eosinophilic plaques on white matter in brain/spinal cord

What cattle breeds are seen with progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy?

Brown swiss and Angler calves | "Weaver syndrome"

WHere are lesions of "Weaver syndrome" at?

White matter of spinal cord

What does sciatica present as?

Dropped hock and knuckled fetlock

What does femoral n. paralysis present as?

Hunched over and non-weight bearing

What does obturator n. paralysis present as?

Splay leg

What parasite in cattle leads to neuro signs- 1st instar larvae migrate to SQ

Hypoderma bovis