Cattle Diarrhea-Bittar Flashcards
How many L of colostrum are required by a neonatal calf in the first two hours of life?
4L
What is the most important defense of neonatal diarrhea?
Colostrum
T/F: only the first milking is good for Ig transfer to the calf
TRUE
T/F: IgG dramatically falls after calving (by 14 hours only 1/3 original level)
TRUE
What are some cons of colostrum?
Lymphocytes can cross into the calf’s bloodstream, insulin-like growth factor, IgA (local immune protection)
How long is colostrum good for if it is stored at room temp, refrigeration and frozen?
Room temp: 1 day
Refrigeration: 1 week
Frozen: indefinitely
What is the pathogenesis of E. Coli in calves?
K99 fimbriae adherence on enterocytes (heat stable enterotoxin)
Physiologic high pH in abomasum (allows bacterial growth) –> unhygienic conditions –> inadequate colostrum protection
What are is a potential result of calf diarrhea associated with E. coli?
Can lead to calf scours
What is the gold standard dx test to evaluate assessment of passive transfer?
Radioactive immunoassay
Which FPT evaluation test is NOT influenced by inflammation and dehydration?
Na-sulfite precipitation test
What test is commonly done in farm settings to evaluate FPT?
TP- should be above 5.5 g/dL within 1st week of life
What type of fluids do you want to administer to a calf with diarrhea?
Alkalinizing fluids
What are some prevention methods for E. coli?
Coliform mastitis vaccine
Excellent hygiene
Proper management
What does Rotavirus do to the GI system?
Damages intestinal villi, maldigestion/malabsorption (voluminous diarrhea), bloody or mucoid
T/F: Diarrhea will be continuous even after pathogen is under control with Rotavirus patients
TRUE- takes about 7-10 days for new enterocytes to mature and differentiate
If a calf presents in lateral recumbency for a potential Rotavirus infection, what should your first step be?
TREAT FIRST
Do not try to confirm suspicions of dx
Which strain of E. coli is very pathogenic to humans and causes enterohemorrhagic issues but is asymptomatic in cattle?
E. coli 0157:H7
What age does Coronavirus typically occur in?
14-20 days of age
What does Coronavirus commonly cause?
Severe intestinal pathology leading to chronic malabsorption and progressive emaciation
Common causative agent of scours in calves
T/F: Sporulated cryptosporidium oocysts in feces if ingested is immediately infective
TRUE
T/F: Cryptosporidium starts early in neonatal life because there is no incubation period
TRUE
What is the dx method of choice for cryptosporidium?
Fecal flotation
What is the causative agent of overeating disease?
Clostridium perfringens
What is a common predisposing cause of overeating disease?
Larger than normal amount of CHO and protein in feed supports germination of spores
Which type of Clostridium perfringens causes hemorrhagic bowel syndrome?
Type A
What toxin is associated with Clostridium perfringens type D?
Epsilon toxin
What is the 3rd most lethal clostridial toxin after Botulism and Tetanus?
Clostridium perfringens Type D
What is a stress related cause of calf diarrhea and can be commonly due to environmental contamination
Salmonellosis
Where does Slamonella localize in the body?
Gallbladder and spleen
What is a dx characteristic seen in a calf with salmonella?
GOLDEN YELLOW DIARRHEA
What is the tx for Salmonella?
Ab and flunixin meglumine
What are common causes of diarrhea in adult cows?
Winter dysentery (Coronavirus) Johne's Disease Copper deficiency Ostertagiasis Coccidiosis Rumen acidosis Clostridium perfringens types A&B
If you have an adult cow presenting for explosive diarrhea, what are you concerned of?
Winter dysentery- coronavirus
Spontaneous recovery in 3 days
What is the causative agent of Johne’s disease?
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
What is seen in a cow affected with Johne’s disease?
Emaciation and chronic diarrhea
T/F: The incubation period for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is 2-5 years, which is why it is commonly seen in adult cattle
TRUE
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in Johne’s disease patients?
PLE
What are the classic signs of a patient with Johne’s disease?
Intermittent/continuous diarrhea and severe weight loss
What pathology is found at necropsy in a patient with Johne’s disease?
Corrugated mucosa particularly at the ileum
Enlarged mesenteric LN
What is the gold standard dx test for Johne’s disease?
Fecal culture (long time to wait)
What is the tx for Johne’s disease?
No tx, cull positives and offspring
