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LAM II-RUSVM > Swine-Sithole > Flashcards

Swine-Sithole Flashcards

1
Q

What age of piglets are commonly affected by Clostridium difficile?

A

2-10 day old

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2
Q

What is a microscopic characteristic associated with Clostridium difficile?

A

multifocal suppurative and erosive colitis

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3
Q

Presence of C. difficile enterotoxin is confirmed by what dx test?

A

ELISA test on fresh feces

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4
Q

What is the tx for C. difficile?

A

Virginiamycin in sows

Tylosin in piglets

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5
Q

What is the characteristic presentation of diarrhea associated with C. difficile?

A

Orange stained fecal diarrhea (sign of fecal blood loss)

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6
Q

What is the microscopic association with Clostridium perfringens?

A

mild multifocal suppurative enteritis w/ large gram positive rods

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7
Q

What is the tx for Clostridium perfringens?

A

Bacitracin in sows/piglets

Also can use Salinomycin or vaccination

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8
Q

What age range is most commonly seen to be infected with E. coli?

A

neonates to 2-4 wks post weaning

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9
Q

What are the virulence factors of E. coli?

A

Fimbria, enterotoxins, endotoxins, and capsules

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10
Q

Who acts as a carrier for E. coli?

A

Dams

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11
Q

T/F: Coliforms of E. coli can survive long periods in contaminated buildings

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What are the CS of E. coli?

A

Subnormal body temp (shivering), watery diarrhea, +/- V+

Can cause fibrinous polyserositis

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13
Q

How is E. coli dx?

A

Culture from SI or PCR

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14
Q

What are tx options for E. coli?

A

Ampicillin, gentamycin, neomycin, furizolidone, potentiated sulphur drugs
Control: vaccinate sows before farrowing

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15
Q

What strain of E. coli causes edema disease?

A

F18

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16
Q

Which age group is most commonly seen with Edema dz?

A

Recently weaned pigs

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17
Q

What are the CS of edema dz?

A

anorexia, ataxia, stupor, recumbency (paddling/running) and abnormal squeals

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18
Q

What group of swine are most commonly seen with coccidiosis?

A

Confinement raised (1-3 wk old)

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19
Q

Who is the source of infection for coccidiosis?

A

Carrier sows

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20
Q

How is coccidiosis transmitted?

A

Oocysts ingested when piglets first nurse or when ingest feed, water or feces

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21
Q

What are CS of coccidiosis?

A

Yellow-clear/pasty-watery diarrhea, dehydration, rough hair coat, failure to gain weight

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22
Q

T/F: Coccidiosis is similar to E. coli and responds well to Ab

A

FALSE- similar to E. coli EXCEPT that it DOESN’T respond well to Ab

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23
Q

What is the tx of choice for coccidiosis?

A

Toltrazuril

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24
Q

What age of pigs are affected by rotaviral enteritis?

A

1-6 week old piglets

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25
Q

How is rotavirus identified?

A

In feces by EM or ELISA or SI epithelium with FAT/IHC

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26
Q

What is the dermatitis agent typically seen in 4-12 week old swine?

A

Pityriasis rosea

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27
Q

What are the lesions seen with Pityriasis rosea?

A

1-20 cm raised, reddened, ring-shaped lesions on ventral abdomen

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28
Q

T/F: Pityriasis is non-pruritic and requires no treatment

A

True

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29
Q

What is the most important infection seen in nursing or recently weaned piglets with concern for Zoonoses?

A

Streptococcus suis

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30
Q

What are the CS of Streptococcus suis?

A

Septicemia, acute meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis or bronchopneumonia
Young: CNS signs
Older: ataxia, opisthotonus, incoordination, tremors, convulsions, blindness and deafness

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31
Q

What is the most virulent and prevalent form of Streptococcus suis?

A

Type 2

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32
Q

What is the method of transmission of streptococcus suis?

A

Ingestion, inhalation, nose-to-nose contact, wounds

Flies/rodents can play a role

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33
Q

What is the tx for Streptococcus suis?

A 
Injectable Ab (penicillin, ampicillin, tiamulin, ceftiofur)
Vaccination NOT effective-too many strains
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34
Q

What CS are seen in the acute form of transmissible gastroenteritis?

A

vomiting, bright yellow feces most commonly seen in pigs <3 weeks old

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35
Q

How is Transmissible gastroenteritis dx?

A

FAT or IHC on intestine of acutely affected pigs or PCR from feces

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36
Q

What is an abnormality of neonatal piglets characterized by lateral extension of hind legs w/ inability to adduct the legs?

A

Splay legs

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37
Q

What is the principle lesion in spay leg?

A

Myofibrillar hypoplasia

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38
Q

How long will it take piglets assisted to nurse to recover from splay leg?

A

1-2 weeks

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39
Q

What can increase the likliehood of survival in splay leg patients?

A

Tying front or back legs together loosely

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40
Q

What syndrome occurs w/in three days of farrowing and is characterized by inadequate milk production?

A

Hypogalactia/Mastitis, Metritis,Agalactia (MMA)

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41
Q

What are clinical lesions seen in piglets when the sow has MMA?

A

Knee lesions from increased working efforts

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42
Q

What can lead to tail necrosis in pigs?

A 
Ednogenous estrogen (sow/colostrum) and exogenous estrogen (Zearalenone) make skin vulnerable to trauma 
can also lead to vulvar swelling
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43
Q

How is hypogalactia resolved?

A

Ensuring proper sanitation, sow’s exercise, nutrition and BCS

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44
Q

What is an inherited condition in piglets characterized by absence of discrete areas of skin on back, loin or thigh?

A

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

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45
Q

What conditions are commonly associated with epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

A

Hydroureter and hydronephrosis

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46
Q

Why do piglets born alive with epitheliogenesis imperfecta typically die?

A

Bacterial invasion and septicemia

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47
Q

What zoonotic condition is seen in growing/adult swine characterized by enlarged joints, lameness and endocarditis?

A

Erysipeias (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)

48
Q

T/F: Rhomboid skin lesions are a consistent feature with all forms of Erysipeias?

A

FALSE- only seen with ACUTE cases

49
Q

How is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae transmitted?

A

feces and oronasal secretions

50
Q

What are the CS of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infected animals?

A

Fever, cyanotic skin (ears, snout, throat and ventral abdomen)
+/-: swollen painful joints, abortions, vulvular lesions leading to exercise intolerance

51
Q

What is the tx for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Penicillin or antiserum

52
Q

What condition is characterized as brownish spots (1-2 cm diameter) covered by serum/exudate with NO PRURITUS most commonly seen in <8 week old piglets?

A

Greasy Pig Disease (Exudative Epidermitis-Staphylococcus hyicus)

53
Q

How should Greasy Pig Disease be controlled?

A

Avoid mingling of piglets

54
Q

What is the tx for Greasy Pig Disease?

A

spraying pigs several times w/ solutions of 10% bleach, chlorhexidine, virkon or dilute iodine

55
Q

What is swine dysentery characterized by?

A

Severe, infectious disease-mucohemorrhagic diarrhea and marked inflammation limited to LI (cecum/colon)

56
Q

What is spirochaetal colitis classified as?

A

Milder colitis in YOUNG pigs

57
Q

When is there increased incidence of swine dysentery and spirochaetal colitis?

A

Summer and in organic antibiotic free farms

58
Q

Where does swine dysentery and spirochaetal colitis persist?

A

Lagoon water/moist feces for two months and soil for 18 days

59
Q

How long do mice and dogs shed swine dysentery and spirochaetal colitis?

A

Mice: 180 days
Dogs: 13 days

60
Q

Who can transmit swine dysentery and spirochaetal colitis?

A

Mice, carrier sows, purchased stock, birds, flies, fomites

61
Q

What are CS of swine dysentery and spirochaetal colitis?

A

Mucoid diarrhea (grey/yellow), tail twitching.humped or gaunt appearance, dehydration signs

62
Q

Where is Salmonellosis mostly seen?

A

Weaned/growing pigs

63
Q

Where do asymptomatic swine harbor salmonellosis infections?

A

Tonsils, intestine, lymph nodes or gallbladder (can shed in feces)

64
Q

What is the transmission route of Salmonellosis?

A

Fecal-oral route, contaminated feed/water and aerosols

MOST COMMON IN STRESS INDUCED EVENTS

65
Q

What are the two forms of Salmonellosis?

A

Septicemic: acute onset- inappetence, depression, huddling, weakness, HIGH temp, cyanosis
Enterocolitic (S. typhimurium): moderate anorexia, diarrhea (water-yellow and intermittent)

66
Q

How is Salmonellosis diagnosed?

A

Culture/ID from liver, spleen, mesenteric LN, colon

67
Q

What is the tx for Salmonellosis?

A

Carbadox, gentamycin, neomycin, tiamulin, ceftiofur

68
Q

What is Porcine Proliferative Enteritis caused by?

A

Lawsonia Intracellularis- obligate intracellular organism

69
Q

What is PPE characterized by?

A

Hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes w/ inflammation and sometimes ulceration or hemorrhage

70
Q

Who is most commonly infected with PPE?

A

Young adults

71
Q

How is PPE transmitted?

A

Feces
Carrier dams can infect litters as early as 6 days of age
Outbreaks associated with STRESS

72
Q

What does acute and subacute PPE look like?

A

Acute: diarrhea w/ brownish to black unclotted blood, pallor, weakness and rapid death
Subacute: sporadic diarrhea, wasting and variation in growth rate

73
Q

What is the tx for PPE?

A

Tylosin, Tetracyclines, Lincomycin, Tiamulin, Carbadox

74
Q

What age is Actinobacillas Pleuropneumonia typically seen in?

A

6-20 week old piglets

75
Q

What are the 4 exotoxins secreted by Actinobacillas Pleuropneumonia?

A

ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, ApxIV

76
Q

How is most Actinobacillas Pleuropneumonia transmitted?

A

Direct contact via nasal secretions (can be short distance aerosol)

77
Q

What are CS of Actinobacillas Pleuropneumonia?

A

Prostration, high temperatures, apathy, anorexia, stiffness, V/D, shallow non-productive cough, cyanosis, abortion in sows, chronic cough, slow growth

78
Q

What is the tx of Actinobacillas Pleuropneumonia?

A

Tiamulin, Tulathromycin, Chlortetracycline, Ceftiofur, Tilmicosin, Forfenicol, Enrofloxacin, Procaine Penicillin G

79
Q

What are the bacterial agents of Atrophic rhinitis?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

80
Q

What does the Bordetella aspect of Atrophic rhinitis cause?

A

atrophy of turbinates leading to top mild lesions

81
Q

What are CS of Atrophic rhinitis?

A

sneezing, snorting and serous/mucopurulent nasal discharge
Obstruct tears –> dirty hair under canthus, nose-bleed, lateral/dorsal deviation of snout resulting in shortening of snout or wrinkling of skin over snout

82
Q

How can Atrophic rhinitis be controlled?

A

Ventilation, vaccination and Ab to sows and piglets

83
Q

What is Haemophilus parasuis characterized as?

A

Acute w/ combinations of meningoencephalitis, polyserosistis and polyarthritis

84
Q

What age group is Glasser’s dz commonly seen in?

A

3-4 week old piglets after stressful events

85
Q

What are CS seen with Glasser’s Dz?

A

CNS: fever, anorexia, depression, tremors, incoordination, posterior paresis, lateral recumbency
Joints: swollen leg joints

86
Q

What is a chronic respiratory disease of swine?

A

Mycoplasma Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia)

87
Q

When is Enzootic Pneumonia more commonly seen?

A

Growing/finishing phases

88
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia is seen to have a central role in what disease?

A

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

89
Q

What does Mycoplasma hyosynoviae and hyorhinis cause?

A

Hyosynoviae: epidemic synovitis in growing swine
Hyorhinis: fibrinous polyserositis in young pigs

90
Q

T/F: Mycoplasma pneumonia survives long periods in the environment

91
Q

What are the CS of mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Chronic, persistent, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, growth retardation, reduced feed efficiency

92
Q

What is the tx for mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Lincomycin, tiamulin, tetracyclines, tylosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, enrofloxacin

93
Q

What is a growth cartilage dz occurring in rapidly rowing pigs approaching market weight or breeding age?

A

Osteochondrosis

94
Q

What is osteochondrosis characterized by?

A

abnormal gait/lameness w/ pathologic lesions in cartilage and bone

95
Q

What are common sites of osteochondrosis?

A 
Medial femoral condyle
Humeral condyle
Humeral head
Glenoid of scapula
Distal ulna
Lumbar vertebrae
96
Q

T/F: If you have a pig presenting with osteochondrosis you should CULL

97
Q

What is swine influenza classified as?

A

Sudden fever, occulonasal discharge, prostration and weakness, paroxysmal coughing
5-7 day span

98
Q

What is the most common strain of swine influenza in production?

99
Q

What are CS of swine influenza?

A

Prostration, weakness, fevers, paroxysmal coughing, anorexia, conjunctivitis w/ occulonasal discharge, growth retardation

100
Q

What are the most common causes of salt poisoning?

A

Result of freezing, plugged water nipples or leaving water valve closed

101
Q

What are CS of salt poisoning?

A

Aimless wandering, blindness, deafness and head pressing, +/- dog sitting, recumbency w/ leg paddling

102
Q

What is a unique characteristic of salt poisoning in the brain?

A

Meningeal and cerebral perivascular cuffing by eosinophils

103
Q

Gastric ulcers cause destruction to what portion of the stomach?

A

Pars esophagea (non-glandular stomach)

104
Q

What are risk factors for gastric ulcers?

A

Finely ground feed, pelleted rations, nutrient rich low fiber diets, stress, ad lib whey or skimmed milk, summer hotter months

105
Q

What are CS of gastric ulcers?

A

Black tarry feces, anemia and generalized pallor, grinding teeth

106
Q

WHat is the tx for gastric ulcers?

A

Vitamin K and hematinics, access to fibrinous feeds

107
Q

What type of circovirus causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?

108
Q

What is postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome associated w/?

A

Porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome, porcine respiratory disease complex and reproductive failure

109
Q

What are the microscopic features of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?

A

Lymphocytic depletion in LN w/ histiocytic infiltration

110
Q

What are CS of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome?

A

gradual wasting, unthriftiness, rough hair coat, polypnea, dyspnea, pallor, diarrhea

111
Q

T/F: Positive serology implies disease of PMWS?

112
Q

What is the most economically significant disease to affect US swine production since eradication of classical swine fever?

A

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

113
Q

What form of PRRS is most commonly seen in young growing pigs and naive finishing pigs?

A

Respiratory syndrome

114
Q

T/F: PRRS is highly infectious and contagious

A

FALSE- not contagious

115
Q

How is PRRS spread?

A

Mechanical vectors- flies

116
Q

What are CS of breeding sows and young piglets of PRRS?

A

Breeding sows: anorexia, fever, lethargy, depression, respiratory distress/vomiting, mild cyanosis of ears, increase premature farrowings, weak piglets, decrease in semen quality of boars
Piglets: fever, depression, lethargy, stunting, sneezing followed by expiratory dyspnea

LAM II-RUSVM (19 decks)

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