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LAM II-RUSVM > Reticuloruminal Disorders-French > Flashcards

Reticuloruminal Disorders-French Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of free gas bloat?

A

Underlying primary disorder (commonly related to nerve damage)

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2
Q

What is frothy bloat typically caused from?

A

Ingestion of feed that cannot be digested

Longest you can keep a cow in lateral recumbency to avoid bloat is 45 minutes

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3
Q

What are the CS of bloat?

A

Asymmetric abdominal distention pronounced in L paralumbar fossa
Restlessness, kicking at abdomen, rolling, increased HR/RR

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4
Q

What are DDx of bloat?

A 
Ruptured bladder
Hydroallantois
LDA
Abomasal volvulus
Mesenteric volvulus
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5
Q

What is the tx of bloat in acute vs. less severe forms?

A

Acute (emergency): tracarization or rumenotomy

Less severe: stomach tube relief (free gas); polaxelene, veggie oil, dactyl sodium sulfosuccinate (frothy bloat)

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6
Q

What are high risk forage factors for bloat?

A

Alfalfa, sweet clover, red clover, winter wheat

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7
Q

What are moderate risk forage factors for bloat?

A

Arrowleaf clover
Spring wheat
Oats
Perennial ryegrass

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8
Q

What are low risk forage factors for bloat?

A

Lespedeza
Birdsfoot trefoil
Sainfoin

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9
Q

What are the control/prevention measures for free gas bloat?

A

Chronic: temporary rumenotomy

Find underlying problem (esophageal obstruction)

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10
Q

What are the control/prevention measures for frothy bloat?

A

Grazing management/adaption diets
Poloxalene
Ionophores (monensin and lasalocid)

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11
Q

This disorder has an acute onset due to abrupt dietary changes that result in self-limiting but rapid decline in rumen fermentation.

A

Simple rumen indigestion

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12
Q

What are the CS of simple rumen indigestion?

A

Acute anorexia, diarrhea observed in 24 hours, rumen motility reduced to absent

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13
Q

What is secondary rumen indigestion?

A

Chronic disease caused by result of other diseases (endotoxemic infection, abomasal dz, metabolic dz)

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14
Q

What are CS of secondary rumen indigestion?

A

Rumination absent, rumen underfilled, fecal production is depressed

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15
Q

What is the tx of rumen indigestion?

A

Mild cases: self correction
Rumen transfaunation
Increase rumen fill (20-30 L fluid)

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16
Q

What is the pH of a patient with chronic latent rumen acidosis?

A

< 5.6

Can be caused by not enough effective fiber, component/slug feeding, selection

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17
Q

What causes acute death syndrome associated with rumen acidosis?

A

Clostridium perfringens enterocolitis

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18
Q

What causes hemorrhagic bowel syndrome associated with rumen acidosis?

A

Clostridium perfringens enterocolitis

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19
Q

What causes cerebro-cortical necrosis?

A

Thiaminase producing bacteria C. sporogenes and B. thiaminolyticus

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20
Q

What is another name for grain overload?

A

Lactic acidosis

caused by single episode of grain engorgement (rumen acidosis and acid indigestion)

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21
Q

What are the clinical findings for acute severe lactic acidosis in cattle?

A

CS develop 12-36 hours post metabolic crisis

Severe depression, muscle tremors, ataxia, dehydration, cold extremities, grey diarrhea, comatose (slow corneal reflex)

22
Q

Why is hypovolemic shock seen with lactic acidosis?

A

There is an increase in rumen osmolality causing extracellular fluid to flow into the rumen resulting in hypovolemia and circulatory collapse

23
Q

What factors associated with lactic acidosis leads to severe rumenitis?

A

Chemical (sloughing of rumen mucosa, bacterial invasion of rumen) and osmotic effect

24
Q

What is a very important finding of lactic acidosis?

A

Large fluid filled rumen

25
Q

What does the rumen fluid analysis look like with a lactic acidodic cow?

A

pH 5 or less, acidic and milky gray, no protozoa

26
Q

What are some treatment options for a cow with lactic acidosis?

A

Mild cases: prevent further access to grain and supply them with hay/water only (chew more, produce more saliva, increase the pH); antacid orally MgOxide and exercise
Mod-severe cases: euth/slaughter or intensive supportive tx and sx

27
Q

What are some supportive tx methods for lactic acidosis?

A 
IV fluids (polyionic isotonic fluids)
Sodium bicarb
NSAIDs
Ab
Vit B1/B12
Ca
Rumenotomy/rumen lavage (kingman tube)
28
Q

What are some preventative measures for lactic acidosis?

A

avoid sudden ration changes
avoid finely ground and very soluble starches
supply enough effective fiber

29
Q

What dz is classified as inflammatory changes that develop in the rumen mucosa and underlying tissues in cattle fed high energy rations w/ inadequate roughage?

A

Rumenitis

30
Q

What are two associated lesions commonly seen with rumenitis?

A

liver abscess and laminitis

31
Q

How is rumenitis dx?

A

Rumen fluid pH

32
Q

What is the tx/prevention of rumenitis?

A

modify roughage portion of feed, adjust feeding intervals, antibiotics to reduce liver abscesses

33
Q

What are the classical clinical signs of traumatic reticulopericarditis?

A

Brisket edema
Jugular pulse
Abduction
Washing machine murmur

34
Q

What are some dx tests that can be performed on patients with traumatic reticulopericarditis?

A

Withers test: pinch withers and if they don’t move down and away from your hand it is a sign of pain (could indicate Hardware Dz)
Abdominocentesis (increased WBC, increased concentrations, dry/normal tap is inconclusive)

35
Q

What are some findings on the bloodwork of a cow with hardware dz?

A 
increased fibrinogen
increased globulin
neutrophilic
mild metabolic alkalosis
Cl in rumen
36
Q

What are the differences in Type I-IV vagal indigestion?

A

Type I: failure of eructation resulting in free gas bloat and ruminal distention (usually due to vagus n. damaged due to TRP)
Type II: failure of omasal transport preventing aboral movement of ingesta from reticulum to abomasum
Type III: primary impaction due to dry feed w/ limited water (most common type diagnosed)
Type IV: during advanced pregnancy the enlarged uterus displaces abomasum interfering w/ normal motility

37
Q

What are CS of vagus indigestion?

A

Chronic progressive weight loss w/ abdominal distention (PAPPLE)

38
Q

What dz can occur from feeding rough fibrous feed during droughts or feeding machine-made wheat?

A

Omasal impaction

39
Q

What are CS of omasal impaction?

A

anorexia, dehydration, abdominal distention, ruminal hypomotility, no palpable abnormalities of intestines, empty rectum (no feces)

40
Q

What are the tx options for omasal impaction?

A

Fluid therapy
Support
Change diet

41
Q

What are the two bacterial agents that can usually be attributed to abomasal ulcers?

A

H. pylori or C. perfringens type A

42
Q

When are non-bleeding Type I abomasal ulcers seen and what are the CS?

A 
Periparturient period (associated w/ LD, coliform mastitis and metritis) 
CS: not severely affected, darkened soft feces and minimal anemia
43
Q

What are the main CS associated with major bleeding/Type II abomasal ulcers?

A

Black tarry feces and anemia

Depressed rumen motility, decreased milk production

44
Q

What is type II abomasal ulcers commonly associated with?

A

Lymphosarcoma (> 5 yr. old cows)

45
Q

Which type of abomasal ulcers is surgery NOT recommended?

A

Type I/II

Give ranitidine for acidity modifiers

46
Q

What type of peritonitis is associated w/ post-partum cows vs. emergent situation in cows with perorating ulcers?

A

Post-partum cows: local peritonitits (Type III)

Emergent situation: diffuse peritonitis (Type IV)

47
Q

What are the CS of Type III perforating ulcers?

A

Moderately febrile, anorectic, acute decrease in milk

48
Q

What are the CS of Type IV perforating ulcers?

A

MEDICAL ER

Tachycardia, complete rumen stasis, severe dehydration, recumbency w/ cold extremities

49
Q

What are the dx methods for abomasal ulcers?

A

Abdominocentesis (toxic cellular changes and intracellular bacteria)
Type III: neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperprotenemia (hyper glob and hyperfibrinogenemia)
Type IV: severe neutropenia, severe hemoconcentration and hypoproteinemia

50
Q

What is the most common presentation for displaced abomasum?

A

LDA- 180 degree torsion w/out volvulus
Rotation along long axis ventral and to the L of the rumen
Commonly seen post-partum from all the extra space

51
Q

What are some predisposing factors for a displaced abomasum?

A

Genetics
4-7 year old dairy cows
Periparturient dz

52
Q

What are some dx tests for DA?

A

Auscultation and percussion
Left: ping (rumen gas)
Right: ping (gas in spiral colon or cecum) –> EMERGENCY

pH analysis (Liptack test) --> centesis of area below ping
- fluid pH <4.5=abomasum w/ burnt almond odor

LAM II-RUSVM (19 decks)

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