Urology Flashcards
Forming and eliminating urine basis
Maintaining blood volume with proper balance of water, electrolytes, pH
Retaining key compounds such as glucose while excreting waste such as urea
Regulate systemic arterial blood pressure
Kidneys
Juxtagolmerular cells respond to low BP by releasing enzyme called
Renin
Release of renin produces active hormone
Angiotensin I
As angiotension I flows through lungs, angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) produces
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II acts both on kidney tubular calls and on adrenal cells , causing secretion of
Aldosterone
Non traumatic renal and urologic disorders results from
Inflammatory or immune - mediated disease
Infectious disease
Physical obstruction
Hemorrhage
Improvement with knees drawn up to chest points toward
Peritonitis
Improvement when walking
Kidney stone has moved
Vague discomfort followed by change to sharp pain in flank indicates
Urethral obstruction due to kidney stone
Components of abdominal exam
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Pain induced by percussion of flanks, accompanied by fever, suggests
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Pain on percussion above pelvic rim, accompanied by fever and increased urge to void, suggests
Cystitis (bladder infection)
Uncontrolled chronic hypertension common cause of
Nephron damage and chronic renal failure
Leading causes of kidney failure
Diabetes mellitus (both types) Uncontrolled hypertension
Three types of Acute Renal Failure
- Prerenal
- renal
- post renal
