GI

Question 0

What are the three classifications of abdominal pain?

Answer 0

Visceral
Somatic
Referred

Question 1

Excessive alcohol consumption, excessive smoking, increased stress, ingestion of caustic substances, and poor bowel habits are ?

Answer 1

Risk factors for GI complications

Question 2

Originates in walls of hollow organs( gallbladder or appendix), in capsules of solid organs (kidney or liver) , or in visceral peritoneum is?

Answer 2

Visceral pain

Question 3

Mechanisms that produce pain?

Answer 3

Inflammation and distinction ischemia

Question 4

Vague or poorly localized, dull, or crampy pain is ?

Answer 4

Visceral pain

Question 5

Sharp pain that travels along definite neural routes to spinal column is ?

Answer 5

Somatic pain

Question 6

Pain localized to reigon area. Bacterial and chemical irritations of abdomen is from?

Answer 6

Somatic pain

Question 7

Originates in reigon other than where it is felt is?

Answer 7

Referred pain

Question 8

Dissecting triple A produces what pain between the shoulder blades?

Answer 8

Referred pain

Question 9

Sudden onset of GI pain is usually cause by?

Answer 9

Perforations of abdominal organs or capsules

Question 10

Gradual onset of GI pain is associated with ?

Answer 10

Blockage of hollow organs

Question 11

If pain lessens when patient draws legs up to cheat or lies on side it usually indicates?

Answer 11

Peritoneal inflammation

Question 12

If walking relieves GI pain the cause can be?

Answer 12

GI or urinary system

Question 13

Localized tearing pain is associated with?

Answer 13

Rupture of organ

Question 14

Dull, steadily increasing GI pain may indicate ?

Answer 14

Bowel obstruction

Question 15

Sharp pain, particularly in flank, may indicate?

Answer 15

Kidney stone

Question 16

Any abdominal pain lasting over 6 hours consider

Answer 16

Surgical emergency

Question 17

Changes in bowel morphology, color, or smell can be only indication of?

Answer 17

Lower GI hemorrhage, gastritis, bleeding diverticula

Question 18

Pain in the lowest part of abdomen can be due to problems in?

Answer 18

Reproductive System

Question 19

Gastroesopangeal reflux, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and gall bladder disease are GI emergencies that cause?

Answer 19

Chest pain

Question 20

Distention of abdomen , free air build up can be ?

Answer 20

Obstruction of bowel or hemorrhage

Question 21

Peri umbilical ecchymosis is?

Answer 21

Cullen’s sign

Question 22

Ecchymosis in flank?

Answer 22

Grey Turner’s sign

Question 23

One long tube divided into structurally and functionally different parts is ?

Answer 23

GI tract

Question 24

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, vermiform appendix are what?

Answer 24

GI organs

Question 25

Peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, variceal rupture, Malloy-Weiss tear (espongeal laceration), esophagitis, duodenitis are the 6 major causes of ?

Answer 25

Upper GI hemorrhage

Question 26

Hematemesis (bloody vomitus) is a sign of?

Answer 26

Upper GI bleed

Question 27

Melena is a sign of

Answer 27

Upper GI bleed that reaches lower GI tract

Question 28

Hypotension in a GI bleed suggests?

Answer 28

Decreased circulating volume

Question 29

Increased in portal pressure (portal hypertension) , consumption of alcohol, and ingestion of caustic substances can cause?

Answer 29

Esophageal Varices

Question 30

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis accounts for two thirds of ?

Answer 30

Esophageal Varices cases

Question 31

Octreotide is?

Answer 31

The drug of choice for acute variceal bleeding

Question 32

Inflammation of stomach and intestines associated with sudden onset of vomiting and/or diarrhea is ?

Answer 32

Acute Gastroenteritis

Question 33

Stress, chemotheraputic agents, ingestion of acidic or alkalotic agent, and infection are other causes of ?

Answer 33

Acute gastroenteritis

Question 34

Inflammation of GI mucosa marked by long term mucosal changes or permanent mucosal damage is ?

Answer 34

Chronic Gastrenteritis

Question 35

Transmitted via fecal- oral route or through infected food or water. Due to primarily microbial infection is?

Answer 35

Chronic gastroenteritis

Question 36

Erosions caused by gastric acid; occur anywhere in GI tract. Occur more in males more than females.

Answer 36

Peptic ulcer

Question 37

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (asprin, ibuprofen, naproxen) , acid-stimulating products(alcohol,nicotine), or helicobacter pylori bacteria are causes of?

Answer 37

Peptic ulcers

Question 38

N+V, massive hemorrhage , il appearance, and hemodynamic instability are signs of

Answer 38

Peptic ulcer

Question 39

Jejunum, ileum of small intestine, and entire of large intestine, rectum, and anus are part of ?

Answer 39

Lower GI tract

Question 40

Nutrients absorbed into blood occurs where?

Answer 40

Small intestine

Question 41

Water absorbed and solid wastes form in ?

Answer 41

Large intestine

Question 42

Diverticulosis, colon lesions, rectal lesions, anal fissures, and inflammatory bowel disorders (ulcerative colitis and chrons disease) are causes of?

Answer 42

Lower GI bleeding

Question 43

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown origin is

Answer 43

Ulcerative colitis

Question 44

Presence in intestine of diverticula, small outpouchings of mucosal and submucosal tissue that push through the outermost layer of intestine, the muscle is

Answer 44

Diverticulosis

Question 45

Inflammation of diverticula secondary to infection. Lower left sided pain, fever, increasing white blood cell count , N+V, tenderness on palpation is

Answer 45

Diverticulitis

Question 46

Hernias, intussesception, volvulus, and adhesions are the most frequent?

Answer 46

Bowel obstructions

Question 47

Foreign bodies, gallstones, tumors, adhesions from abdominal surgery, bowel infarction are the common cause of ?

Answer 47

Bowel obstruction

Question 48

The small intestine is the most common location for ?

Answer 48

Bowel obstruction

Question 49

1 to 2 inches above anterior iliac crest along direct line from anterior crest to umbilicus is?

Answer 49

McBurney's Point

Question 50

Inflammation of gallbladder

Answer 50

Cholecystitis

Question 51

Diffuse right sided tenderness or point tenderness under right costal margin reveals?

Answer 51

Murphys sign

Question 52

Metabolic causes , specifically alcoholism account for 80% of

Answer 52

Pancreatitis

Question 53

``` Metabolic Mechanical Vascular Infectious Cause? ```

Answer 53

Pancreatitis

Question 54

Acinar tissue destruction due to chronic alcohol intake, drug toxicity, ischemia, infectious diseases cause?

Answer 54

Chronic pancreatitis

Question 55

Any injury to hepatocytes (liver cells) associated with inflammation or infection is ?

Answer 55

Hepatitis

Question 56

Crowded and unsanitary living conditions, pot hygiene that invites oral fecal transmission, exposure to blood borne pathogens , and chronic alcohol intake are risk factors for?

Answer 56

Hepatitis

Question 57

Infectious hepatitis is?

Answer 57

Hep A

Question 58

"Serum Hepatitis" transited as blood borne pathogen is?

Answer 58

Hep B

Question 59

Pathogen commonly responsible for spreading hepatitis through blood transfusions; chronic and often debilitating damage to liver is ?

Answer 59

Hep C

Question 60

Less common; pathogen dormant until activated by HBV

Answer 60

Hep D

Question 61

Waterborne infection

Answer 61

Hep e

Question 62

Peptic Ulcer Disorder signs and symptoms

Answer 62

Infection with H pylori, chronic use of NSAIDS, alcohol and smoking. Burning or gnawing pain in the stomach that subsides or diminishes immediately after eating. The pain is usual felt in the upper abdomen or below sternum. Some pts the pain occurs immediately after eating. Nausea, vomiting, belching, and heartburn. If the erosion is severe, bleeding can occur causing hematemesis and melena.

Question 63

Cholecystitis

Answer 63

Inflammation of gallbladder

Question 64

Cholecystitis signs and symptoms

Answer 64

Constant, sever pain in the right upper or mid abdominal region and may refer to the right upper back, shoulder area, or flank. The pain may steadily increase for hours or may come and go. 30 min after a fatty meal and usually at night. N+V, indigestion, bloating, gas, and belching.

Question 65

Pancreatitis signs and symptoms

Answer 65

Caused by obstructing gallstone, alcohol abuse, and other diseases. Severe pain in the upper right and left quadrants and may radiate to the back. N+V, abdominal distention, and tenderness Sepsis or hemorrhage can occur, may cause fever or tachycardia

Question 66

Appendicitis signs and symptoms

Answer 66

Initially, pain is generalized, dull, and diffuse as may center in the umbilical area. The pain later localizes to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Referred pain : N and V, anorexia, fever, and chills. Classic sign is rebound tenderness

Question 67

Common upper GI bleeding

Answer 67

Esophagitis, esophageal Varices

Question 68

Common Lower GI bleeding

Answer 68

Bowel inflammation, diverticulitis, hemorrhoids

Question 69

Esophagitis signs and symptoms

Answer 69

Pain with swallowing , feels like something is stuck in there throat Heartburn, Nausea, Vomiting, and sores in the mouth. In the worst cases, bleeding can occur from the the small capillary vessels within the esophagus

Question 70

Formation of gall stones

Answer 70

Cholelithiasis

Question 71

4 categories of pancreatitis

Answer 71

Metabolic (alcoholism, 80% of cases) Mechanical (gallstones or elevated serum lipids) Vascular (thromboembolisms or shock) Infectious