OB-GYN Flashcards by Jason Cintron

Transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

Fertilization usually occurs here.

Fallopian tubes

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Site of fetal development

Uterus

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Primary female gonads

Ovaries

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Monthly hormonal cycle, usually 28 days
Prepares the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.
The onset of menses, known as menarche, usually occur between the ages of 10-14

The menstrual cycle

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The proliferative phase
The secretory phase
The ischemic phase
The menstraul phase

Phases of the menstrual cycle

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This is the first two weeks of the menstraul cycle.
Estrogen causes the uterine lining to thicken and become engorged with blood.
Secretion of LH day 14 ovulation takes place
If the egg is not fertilized , menstruation take place
If the egg is fertilized , the corpus luteum produces progesterone until the placenta takes over
Cilia sweep egg toward the uterus
A fertilized egg normally implants in the lining of the uterus

Proliferative phase

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Also referred to as ovulation
Progesterone increases and estrogen drops of the egg is not fertilized
Do uterine becomes more vascular and preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg

Secretory phase

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Estrogen and progesterone levels fall without fertilization

The endometrium breaks down

The ischemic phase

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The menstraul cycle
Premenstrual syndrome
Menopause

The menstrual phase

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Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Cystitis
Mittelschmerz
endometriosis
Ectopic pregnancy

Gynecological abdominal pain

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No traumatic
Menorrhagia
Spontaneous abortion

Vaginal bleeding

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Blunt  trauma
 Sexual assault
Blunt force to lower abdomen
Form bodies inserted in vagina
Abortion attempts

Gynecological trauma

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The time from conception until delivery of the fetus

The prenatal period

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The release of an egg from the ovary

Ovulation

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Placenta and membranes that are expelled from uterus after birth of a child

Afterbirth

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Structures that protect the vagina and the urethra

Labia

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Uterus increases in size
Vascular system
Formation of mucous plug in cervix
Estrogen causes vaginal mucosa to thicken
Breast enlargement

Reproductive system physiologic change in preganacy

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Progesterone cause a decrease in airway resistance
Increase in oxygen consumption
Increase in tidal volume
Slight increase in respiratory rate

Respiratory physiologic change during pregnancy

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Cardiac output increases
Blood volume increases
Supine hypotension

Cardiovascular physiologic change during pregnancy

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Hormone levels

Peristalsis is slowed

GI physiologic change during pregnancy.

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Urinary frequency is common

Urinary system physiologic change during pregnancy

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Loosened pelvic joints

Musculoskeletal system physiologic change during pregnancy

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Transport all trauma patients at ____ weeks or more gestation. Anticipate the development of shock.

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Abortion
Ectopic pregnancy
Placenta previa
Abruptio placentae

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

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Termination of pregnancy before 20th week of gestation Signs and symptoms include cramping , abdominal pain, backache , and vaginal Bleeding

Abortion

Any female of childbearing age with lower abdominal pain consider this. Can be life threatening

Ectopic pregnancy

Usually presents with painless bleeding | C-section

Placenta Previa

Classified as severe, partial, or complete. Transport left lateral Life threatening

Abruptio Placentae

Hypertensive disorders Supine hypotension syndrome Gestational diabetes

Medical complication of pregnancy

Preeclampsia and eclampsia Chronic hypertension Chronic hypertension superimposed with preeclampsia Transient hypertension

Hypertensive disorders

False labor that increases in intensity and frequency but does not cause cervical changes

Braxton-Hicks Contractions

The time period surrounding the birth of the fetus

The puerperium

Beginning of contractions to full cervical dilation

Stage one | Dilation

Baby enters birth canal and is born

Stage two | Expulsion

Delivery of placenta

Stage 3 | Placental stage

``` Name , Age, Due date First delivery? Contractions or pain? Bleeding or discharge? Crowning? Frequency/duration of contractions Feel the urge to move bowels? Feel the need to push? Rock-hard abdomen? ```

Predelivery Evaluation

Occurs in less than 3 hours of labor | Usually in patients in grand multipara, fetal trauma, tearing of the cord, or maternal lacerations

Precipitous delivery

Fetus passes feces into the amniotic fluid

Meconium staining

Defined as a loss of more than 500cc of blood following delivery.

Postpartum hemorrhage

Tearing , or rupture , of the uterus Patient complains of severe abdominal pain and will often be in shock abdomen is soft and tender rigid fetal heart tones are absent

Uterine rupture

Uterus turned inside out after delivery and extends to the cervix blood loss ranges from 800 to 1800 mL

Uterine inversion

Mild acidosis Initiation of stretch reflexes in lungs hypoxia hypothermia

Pathophysiology factors that stimulate first breath

Perineum

Muscular tissue that separates the vagina and the anus

Mon pubis

Fatty layer of tissue over the pubic symphysis

Labia

Structures that protect the vagina and the urethra

Clitoris

Vascular erectile tissue that lies anterior to the labia minora

Urethra

Drains the urinary bladder

Labor

1) Dilation 2) Expulsion 3) Placental stage

Breech Presentation

- The buttocks or both feet present 1st - If the infant starts to breathe with its face pressed against the vaginal wall, form a V and push the vaginal wall away from infants face. - Continue during transport

Prolapsed cord

- The umbilical cord proceeds the fetal presenting part. - Elevate hips, administer O2, and keep warm. - If the umbilical cord is seen the vagina, insert two gloved fingers to raise the fetus off the cord. Do not push cord back - Wrap cord in sterile moist towel - Transport

Limb Presentation

With limb presentation, place the mother in knee- chest position. Administer O2 and transport immediately.

Cephalopelvic Disproportion

Infants head is too big to pass through pelvis easily. Causes include oversized fetus, hydrocephalus, conjoined twins, or fetal tumors. If not recognized, can cause uterine rupture. Requires C-section. Routine ALS. Transport

Shoulder Dystocia

Infants shoulders are larger than its head Turtles sign Do not pull on infants head If baby does not deliver, Transport

Cystitis

Infection of the urinary bladder

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Dyspareunia

Painful sexual intercourse

Dysuria

Painful urination often associated with cystitis

Endometriosis

Condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus

Endometritis

Infection of the endometrium

Endometrium

The inner layer of the uterine wall where the fertilized egg implants

Gynecology

Health maintenance and the diseases of women, primarily reproductive organs

Menarche

The onset of menses, usually occurring between ages 10 and 14

Menopause

The cessation of menses and ovarian function due to decreased secretion of estrogen

Menorrhagia

Excessive menstraul flow

Mittelschmerz

Abdominal pain associated with ovulation

Myometrium

The thick middle layer of the uterine wall made up of smooth muscle fibers

Obstetrics

Deals with the care of women though out pregnancy

Ovulation

The release of an egg from the ovary

Pelvic inflammatory disease

An acute infection of the reproductive organs that can be caused by bacterium, virus, or fungus

Perimetrium

The serosal peritoneal membrane which forms the outermost layer of the uterine wall

Premenstraul dysphoric disorder

Condition in which a woman has severe depression symptoms, irritability, and tension before menstruation.

Premenstraul syndrome

A variety signs and symptoms, such as weight gain, irritability, or specific food cravings, associated with the changing in hormonal levels that preceded menstruation