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Module 2 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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2
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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3
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing hormone

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4
Q

ADH

A

Anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

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5
Q

OT

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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7
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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8
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

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9
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

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10
Q

GH-RH

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

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11
Q

Somatostatin

A

Released from hypothalamus, inhibits release of GH from anterior pituitary

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12
Q

PIH

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

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13
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine (thyroxine)

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14
Q

T4

A

Tetraiodothryonine (thyroxine)

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15
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

Endocrine cells

A

Glandular secretory cells that release secretions into ECF

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17
Q

Exocrine cells

A

Glandular secretory cells that release secretions onto an epithelial surface.

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18
Q

Paracrine Communication

A

Endocrine cells that release chemicals to affect ADJACENT cells.

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19
Q

Endocrine Communication

A

Endocrine cells that release chemicals to affect DISTANT cells and tissues by transport in the blood.

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20
Q

Hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary

A 
FLATPEG
FSH-Follicle stimulating hormone
LH- Lutenizing hormone
ACTH -Adrenocorticotropic releasing hormone
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone
PRL - prolactin
Endorphins
GH - growth hormone (somatotropin)
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21
Q

Hormones released by the Posterior pituitary

A

ADH- Anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

OT- oxytocin

22
Q

Portal system

A

Two capillary networks are joined by a portal vessel.

23
Q

Hypophyseal portal system

A

A capillary network at the base of the hypothalamus is connected to a capillary network in the anterior pituitary for the purpose of ensuring direct delivery of hypothalamic hormones to target cells of the anterior pituitary before they are exposed to general circulation

24
Q

Oxytocin

A

Synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary. Stimulates smoothie muscle contractions in wall of uterus during labor and delivery. Participates in milk-letdown in mammary glands, and may have a role in sexual arousal for both males and females

25
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Results from decreased release of ADH or failure of kidneys in responding to ADH, causes increase urine/polyuria and can lead to fatal dehydration.

26
Q

Anti diuretic hormone

A

Synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from posterior pituitary. Targets water re absorption in kidneys, can cause peripheral vasoconstriction in high concentrations

27
Q

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

A

Synthesized and released from follicles of thyroid gland, travel in blood bound to transport proteins, cross cell membrane and bind to mitochondria, resulting in increased rate of ATP production, increased rate of cellular metabolism and 02 consumption, and increased body temp/heat release.

28
Q

Calcitonin

A

Synthesized and released from parafollicular cells (c-cells) of thyroid gland, released in response to elevated plasma calcium, inhibits osteoclast activity and increases reveal calcium excretion.

29
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Synthesized and release from chief cells of the parathyroid glands, released in response to decreased plasma calcium, promotes osteoclats activity, inhibits renal calcium excretion, stimulates calcitrol, which increases calcium absorption in digestive tract.

30
Q

Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans (Pancreas)

A

Synthesis and release of glucagon

31
Q

Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans ( Pancreas)

A

synthesis and release of insulin

32
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

33
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Synthesized and release from anterior pituitary in response to GH-RH from hypothalamus, targets liver, muscle, and adipose tissue to use lipids for energy metabolism

34
Q

CRH

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

35
Q

GHIH

A

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
(Somatostatin)
Synthesized in hypothalamus , responds in release to insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 to inhibit the release of GH

36
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone
Not produced in adults
Not axis known
Target melano sites , responsible for skin color

37
Q

What inhibits ADH?

A

Alcohol or caffeine

38
Q

What causes ADH(vasopressin) to be released?

A

Increased electrolyte
Increased osmotic pressure
Decreased in blood volume

39
Q

To much TRH or TSH, not responsive to negative feedback, to much T3 or T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

40
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune disorder
Can cause A-Fib
Weight loss, tachycardia
Structural and functional changes in body

41
Q

Thyroid storm

A 
Life-threatening
Elevation of T3andT4
Irritability 
Coma
Tachycardia
HTN
Can be fatal in 48 hrs
42
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Decrease T3 T4

43
Q

Goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid

Hypothyroidism

44
Q

3 sections of the adrenal gland

A

Mineral corticosteroids
Glucocorticoids
Androgens

45
Q

Glucorticoids

A

Affect glucose metabolism
Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone
(Ex. Soul-medrol, prednisolone)

46
Q

Cortisol

A

Responsible for glucose sparring effect

47
Q

Cons of glucocorticoid

A

increased BGL
Anti-Inflammatory effects
Suppression of white blood cells which cause prolonged wound healing.

48
Q

Phenochromocytoma

A

Tumor of the adrenal medulla
Increased metabolic rate
Increased BGL
Increased HR, sweating, palpitations, HTN

49
Q

Control of digestive function

A

Local
Neural
Hormonal

50
Q

Local control of the digestive system

A

Chemicals released into interstitial fluid that affect only a small segment of the digestive tract.
Paracrine as opposed to endocrine
(Ex. Histamine > Stomach > release of acids)

51
Q

Neural Control of Digestive functions

A

Enteric neural system (ENS) sub mucosa and muscularis externa contain nerve fibers

  • Enteric neurons utilize pacemaker cells and local reflex arcs to generate GI tract motility
  • ANS interacts with ENS
52
Q

Aldosterone (conservation of sodium ions) increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
*causes release of aldosterone
ACTH release is due to stress, hypovelmia, infection
Increased plasma potassium
Angiotensin II

A

Mineral corticosteroids

Module 2 (28 decks)

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