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Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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2
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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3
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing hormone

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4
Q

ADH

A

Anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

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5
Q

OT

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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7
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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8
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

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9
Q

PRL

A

Prolactin

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10
Q

GH-RH

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone

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11
Q

Somatostatin

A

Released from hypothalamus, inhibits release of GH from anterior pituitary

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12
Q

PIH

A

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

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13
Q

T3

A

Triiodothyronine (thyroxine)

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14
Q

T4

A

Tetraiodothryonine (thyroxine)

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15
Q

PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

Endocrine cells

A

Glandular secretory cells that release secretions into ECF

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17
Q

Exocrine cells

A

Glandular secretory cells that release secretions onto an epithelial surface.

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18
Q

Paracrine Communication

A

Endocrine cells that release chemicals to affect ADJACENT cells.

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19
Q

Endocrine Communication

A

Endocrine cells that release chemicals to affect DISTANT cells and tissues by transport in the blood.

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20
Q

Hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary

A 
FLATPEG
FSH-Follicle stimulating hormone
LH- Lutenizing hormone
ACTH -Adrenocorticotropic releasing hormone
TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone
PRL - prolactin
Endorphins
GH - growth hormone (somatotropin)
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21
Q

Hormones released by the Posterior pituitary

A

ADH- Anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

OT- oxytocin

22
Q

Portal system

A

Two capillary networks are joined by a portal vessel.

23
Q

Hypophyseal portal system

A

A capillary network at the base of the hypothalamus is connected to a capillary network in the anterior pituitary for the purpose of ensuring direct delivery of hypothalamic hormones to target cells of the anterior pituitary before they are exposed to general circulation

24
Q

Oxytocin

A

Synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary. Stimulates smoothie muscle contractions in wall of uterus during labor and delivery. Participates in milk-letdown in mammary glands, and may have a role in sexual arousal for both males and females

25
Diabetes Insipidus
Results from decreased release of ADH or failure of kidneys in responding to ADH, causes increase urine/polyuria and can lead to fatal dehydration.
26
Anti diuretic hormone
Synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from posterior pituitary. Targets water re absorption in kidneys, can cause peripheral vasoconstriction in high concentrations
27
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Synthesized and released from follicles of thyroid gland, travel in blood bound to transport proteins, cross cell membrane and bind to mitochondria, resulting in increased rate of ATP production, increased rate of cellular metabolism and 02 consumption, and increased body temp/heat release.
28
Calcitonin
Synthesized and released from parafollicular cells (c-cells) of thyroid gland, released in response to elevated plasma calcium, inhibits osteoclast activity and increases reveal calcium excretion.
29
Parathyroid hormone
Synthesized and release from chief cells of the parathyroid glands, released in response to decreased plasma calcium, promotes osteoclats activity, inhibits renal calcium excretion, stimulates calcitrol, which increases calcium absorption in digestive tract.
30
Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans (Pancreas)
Synthesis and release of glucagon
31
Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans ( Pancreas)
synthesis and release of insulin
32
GnRH
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
33
Growth Hormone
Synthesized and release from anterior pituitary in response to GH-RH from hypothalamus, targets liver, muscle, and adipose tissue to use lipids for energy metabolism
34
CRH
Corticotropin releasing hormone
35
GHIH
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (Somatostatin) Synthesized in hypothalamus , responds in release to insulin like growth factors 1 and 2 to inhibit the release of GH
36
MSH
Melanocyte stimulating hormone Not produced in adults Not axis known Target melano sites , responsible for skin color
37
What inhibits ADH?
Alcohol or caffeine
38
What causes ADH(vasopressin) to be released?
Increased electrolyte Increased osmotic pressure Decreased in blood volume
39
To much TRH or TSH, not responsive to negative feedback, to much T3 or T4
Hyperthyroidism
40
Graves' disease
Autoimmune disorder Can cause A-Fib Weight loss, tachycardia Structural and functional changes in body
41
Thyroid storm
``` Life-threatening Elevation of T3andT4 Irritability Coma Tachycardia HTN Can be fatal in 48 hrs ```
42
Hypothyroidism
Decrease T3 T4
43
Goiter
Enlarged thyroid | Hypothyroidism
44
3 sections of the adrenal gland
Mineral corticosteroids Glucocorticoids Androgens
45
Glucorticoids
Affect glucose metabolism Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone (Ex. Soul-medrol, prednisolone)
46
Cortisol
Responsible for glucose sparring effect
47
Cons of glucocorticoid
increased BGL Anti-Inflammatory effects Suppression of white blood cells which cause prolonged wound healing.
48
Phenochromocytoma
Tumor of the adrenal medulla Increased metabolic rate Increased BGL Increased HR, sweating, palpitations, HTN
49
Control of digestive function
Local Neural Hormonal
50
Local control of the digestive system
Chemicals released into interstitial fluid that affect only a small segment of the digestive tract. Paracrine as opposed to endocrine (Ex. Histamine > Stomach > release of acids)
51
Neural Control of Digestive functions
Enteric neural system (ENS) sub mucosa and muscularis externa contain nerve fibers - Enteric neurons utilize pacemaker cells and local reflex arcs to generate GI tract motility - ANS interacts with ENS
52
Aldosterone (conservation of sodium ions) increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys *causes release of aldosterone ACTH release is due to stress, hypovelmia, infection Increased plasma potassium Angiotensin II
Mineral corticosteroids

Module 2 (28 decks)

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