Nutrition And Metabolism

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Inorganic ions released through the dissociation of electrolytes

Question 2

Vitamins

Answer 2

Essential organic nutrients released to lipids and carbohydrates

Question 3

Fat-Soluble vitamins

Answer 3

A
D
E
K

Question 4

Water - soluble vitamins

Answer 4

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, folic acid, biotin

Question 5

Nutrition

Answer 5

Absorption of nutrients through food

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 7

Metabolites

Answer 7

Chemicals produced in the body as a result of chemical reactions

Question 8

Cellular metabolism

Answer 8

Chemical reactions occurring within the cells, needed to maintain homeostasis as well as perform essential functions to maintain life.

Question 9

Catabolism

Answer 9

Breakdown of organic molecules to release energy and synthesize ATP

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

Synthesis of new organic molecules, involves formation of chemical bonds

Question 11

Metabolic rate

Answer 11

Sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions at time of measurement

Question 12

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 12

Minimum resting energy expenditures of an awake, alert person

Question 13

Nutrient pool

Answer 13

Stores of amino acids, lipids, and simple sugars present in cells to be used for anabolism

Question 14

Absorptive state

Answer 14

Time during and shortly after eating when nutrients enter the blood from the GI tract

Question 15

Post-absorptive state

Answer 15

Period when GI tract is empty and body reserves are broken down to supply energy

Question 16

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 16

Chemical reactions that involve the breakdown of glucose using O2

Question 17

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 17

Chemical reactions that involve the breakdown of glucose without O2

Question 18

Coenzymes

Answer 18

Organic molecules needed for enzymatic reactions to occur

Question 19

Substance level phosphorylation

Answer 19

High energy phosphate transferred directly from a substance to ADP to ATP
-Occurs during glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle

Question 20

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 20

Capturing energy to form ATP is coupled with movement of substances (protons)
-Occurs during electron transport chain

Question 21

Glycolysis

Answer 21

1. Glucose enters the cell through Glut-4 transporter
2. ATP+Enzyme are needed to convert glucose to glucose
3. A second ATP makes one long carbon chain with two phosphates on either side
4. Becomes 3 carbon chains
   2nd ATP spent total
5. Add Pi to other side of each chain

Question 22

Nutrients

Answer 22

Essential substances (Water, vitamins, ions, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) obtained from the diet and absorbed from the digestive tract.

Question 23

Why does lactic acid build up in tissues?

Answer 23

Due to inadequate amount of O2 being delivered to those tissue effected.

Question 24

What is the goal of the TCA cycle?

Answer 24

To provide electrons and protons for the electron transport chain from carbon chains

Question 25

What is the role of 02 in the electron transport chain?

Answer 25

To be the final acceptor , form water.

Question 26

In the absence of glucose, what other organic molecules are available to form one of the precursors for the TCA cycle?

Answer 26

Amino acids and fatty acids