Urogenital System I Flashcards
what forms most of the urogenital system
intermediate mesoderm (+ urogenital sinus
What does UGS stand for
urogenital sinus
what is UGS formed from
endoderm
is the urogenital system bilateral
yes
most of the urogenital ridge is composed of ____
nephrogenic cord
the urogenital ridge is not just in what region
sacral
where does urogenital region extend
from cervical to sacral region
how many kidneys form
3 separate kidneys form
how many kidneys remain
only 2 out of the 3 that are formed remain
what forms all 3 kidneys
intermediate mesoderm
the urogenital ridge grows and buldges into what
intraembryonic/coelomic cavity b/w parietal and visceral lateral plate mesoderm
when does 1st kidney form
week 4
what is 1st kidney called
pronephros
where is 1st kidney located
cervical region
when does pronephros kidney degenerate
week 4 (degenerates as soon as it forms)
why does the 1st kidney even form if it regenerates right away
want the nephric duct
what does the nephric duct form
it is like a seed that helps form the 2nd kidney’s drainage system
what is the name of the 2nd kidneys drainage system
mesophrenic duct
what is the 2nd kidney called
mesonephric kidney
the uteric bud comes off what
mesoneric duct
in fmelaes what happens to mesonephric duct
all degenerates
in males what happens to mesonephric duct
most degenerates ecpet small part that is for reproductive tract (ductus deferens)
What is the other name of the mesophenric duct
wolffian duct
99% of efferent ductules do what
degenerate
what happens to some mesonephric efferent tubules in males
turned into connecting rete testis and epididymis of ductus deferens
when does metanephric kidney form
5th week
what is another name for the definitive kidney
metanephros
where does the metanephric kidney directly come off of
mesonephric duct
what is the little bud off of the mesphenphric duct
uteric bud
where do the nephrons connect
metanephric blastema
what does uteric bud form first
renal pelvis
what is the final branch that is formed in kidney called
collecting duct
what is the specific structure that sends signals to form the metanephric blastema to form nephrons
collecting duct
when does nephron form
week 10
what forms all epithelial excretory tubules leading from bowman’s capsule
metanephric cap
all the nephrons are formed from what
intermediate mesoderm
what is glomerului formed from
VLPM (all blood vessels are!)
when is kidney functional
10th week
in 10th week what is filtering the blood
maybe a very small amount is kidney, mostly the placenta filters the blood still
nephrons are continuously formed until when
birth
are there increase in number of nephrons after birth
no
what part of nephron will divide after birth
collecting tubules
where in the body are kidneys formed
sacral region by bladder
when do kidneys ascend from sacral to lumbar region
week 6
as it ascends how does the kidney rotate
90 degree medial rotation
where will the kidney often get stuck
inferior mesenteric artery (they pass b/w umbilical arteries)
if arteries ascent is blocked will kidneys be functional
yes
what artery initially supplies the kidney
lateral sacral artery, common iliac, aortic bifurcation, arota
what are accessory renal arteries
they go right into lower lobe of kidney
where do true renal arteries go
through hilum
are accessory renal arteries common?
yes, twice as common as accessory renal veins
if both kidneys get stopped at IMA what happens clinically
horseshoe kidney
What happens in pancake kidney
upper ends fuse together
what parts fuse together in horseshoe kidney
lower poles fuse
what fuses in pancake kidney
upper poles
What is renal agenesis
onen or both kidney absent
if uteric buds don’t grow, collecting ducts and nephrons don’t develop, what results
renal agenesis
what is one thing that can happen if there is unilateral renal agenesis
olighydraminos
bilateral renal agenesis is always
fatal
renal agenesis is often associated with what other birth defects
absence of vagina, uterus, ducturs deferens, etc.
what is hydronephrosis
Dilatation of renal pelvis (*) and calices (major and minor) due to obstruction in the urinary passages resulting in major kidney damage depending if its acute or chronic
If there is an extra renal artery what pole of kidney does it usually go to
lower pole
what can accessory renal artery do to ureter
push on it an dimpinge
extra renal artery could cause what b/c it pushes on ureter
hydronephrosis and damaging kidney
uteric bud migrates from mesonephric duct into what
urogenital sinus (upper part)
what does uteric bud form
collecting duct
why does uteric bud migrate away from mesonephric duct
mesonephric duct will degenerate
what does the upper part of urogenital sinus form
bladder
ureter is formed from what
intermediate mesoderm
is bladder part of urinary system embryologically
no - part of hindgut
what forms inside and outside of hindgut
endoderm inside
visceral laterl plate mesoderm outside
what does uteric bud form from
intermediate mesoderm
describe double ureter
duplicated unilaterally or bilaterally
may or may not be associated witht he duplication of kidney next to median umbilica ligament
does double ureter cause problems
no, just need a pipe going into bladder
what is an ectopic ureter
ureter may open into vagina, urethera, or vestibule and usually due to faulty development of mesonephric (wolffian) duct
can there be two uteric buds
yes
if there are two uteric buds going into same sea of mesoderm what will happen
duplex ureter
what is duplex ureter
splitting of ureteric bud duplicating collecting portion of kidney
what are the consequences of duplex ureter
nephrons poorly developed
what are the consequences of duplex ureter
nephrons poorly developed
what is original of urinary bladder
endoderm - part of hindgut
what are three parts of urogenital sinus
upper
middle
lower
upper part of urogenital sinus forms what
bladder
what comes off upper part of bladder
urachus
what is function of urachus
holds up the upper part of the bladder
what is urachus connected to
median umbilical ligament
where does the ureter directly come off of?
mesenephric duct
where does the ureter directly come off of?
mesenephric duct
utereter is formed fromw hat
intermediate mesoderm
primtiive bladder is lined with what
endoderm
initially the bladder is endoderm and
intermediate mesoderm
final the bladder is
endoderm only
middle of urogenital sinus helps form what
prostatic and membranous urethra in males and entire urethra in females
last part of urogenital sinus forms what
spongy urethra in males and vestibule of vagina in females
what is middle of urogenital sinus lined with
endoderm
what is last part of urogenital sinus lined with
endoderm
lining of glans penis is lined with what
ectoderm (exception!)
where does primitive urogenital sinus come from
cloacyl
where does anal rectal columns end
pectinate or dentate line
lateral folding failure - which leads to lumen of bladder being exposed on surface of body is called what
ectopia vesicae/exstrophy of bladder
what else can be associated with ectopia vesicae in males
epispadias ((urethra opens on dorsum of penis)
outer coretex developes from what
intermediate mesoderm
when does outer cortex of suprarenal gland form
6 week
inner medulla develops from what
neural crest cells
what is a perimesonephric duct formed from
intermediate mesoderm
what is a perimesonephric duct formed from
intermediate mesoderm
does mesonephric duct directly form nephron
no
what directly forms nephron
intermediate mesoderm or collecting duct
what directly forms seminiferous tubules
intermediate mesoderm
