Urogenital System I Flashcards
1
Q
what forms most of the urogenital system
A
intermediate mesoderm (+ urogenital sinus
2
Q
What does UGS stand for
A
urogenital sinus
3
Q
what is UGS formed from
A
endoderm
4
Q
is the urogenital system bilateral
A
yes
5
Q
most of the urogenital ridge is composed of ____
A
nephrogenic cord
6
Q
the urogenital ridge is not just in what region
A
sacral
7
Q
where does urogenital region extend
A
from cervical to sacral region
8
Q
how many kidneys form
A
3 separate kidneys form
9
Q
how many kidneys remain
A
only 2 out of the 3 that are formed remain
10
Q
what forms all 3 kidneys
A
intermediate mesoderm
11
Q
the urogenital ridge grows and buldges into what
A
intraembryonic/coelomic cavity b/w parietal and visceral lateral plate mesoderm
12
Q
when does 1st kidney form
A
week 4
13
Q
what is 1st kidney called
A
pronephros
14
Q
where is 1st kidney located
A
cervical region
15
Q
when does pronephros kidney degenerate
A
week 4 (degenerates as soon as it forms)
16
Q
why does the 1st kidney even form if it regenerates right away
A
want the nephric duct
17
Q
what does the nephric duct form
A
it is like a seed that helps form the 2nd kidney’s drainage system
18
Q
what is the name of the 2nd kidneys drainage system
A
mesophrenic duct
19
Q
what is the 2nd kidney called
A
mesonephric kidney
20
Q
the uteric bud comes off what
A
mesoneric duct
21
Q
in fmelaes what happens to mesonephric duct
A
all degenerates
22
Q
in males what happens to mesonephric duct
A
most degenerates ecpet small part that is for reproductive tract (ductus deferens)
23
Q
What is the other name of the mesophenric duct
A
wolffian duct
24
Q
99% of efferent ductules do what
A
degenerate
25
what happens to some mesonephric efferent tubules in males
turned into connecting rete testis and epididymis of ductus deferens
26
when does metanephric kidney form
5th week
27
what is another name for the definitive kidney
metanephros
28
where does the metanephric kidney directly come off of
mesonephric duct
29
what is the little bud off of the mesphenphric duct
uteric bud
30
where do the nephrons connect
metanephric blastema
31
what does uteric bud form first
renal pelvis
32
what is the final branch that is formed in kidney called
collecting duct
33
what is the specific structure that sends signals to form the metanephric blastema to form nephrons
collecting duct
34
when does nephron form
week 10
35
what forms all epithelial excretory tubules leading from bowman's capsule
metanephric cap
36
all the nephrons are formed from what
intermediate mesoderm
37
what is glomerului formed from
VLPM (all blood vessels are!)
38
when is kidney functional
10th week
39
in 10th week what is filtering the blood
maybe a very small amount is kidney, mostly the placenta filters the blood still
40
nephrons are continuously formed until when
birth
41
are there increase in number of nephrons after birth
no
42
what part of nephron will divide after birth
collecting tubules
43
where in the body are kidneys formed
sacral region by bladder
44
when do kidneys ascend from sacral to lumbar region
week 6
45
as it ascends how does the kidney rotate
90 degree medial rotation
46
where will the kidney often get stuck
inferior mesenteric artery (they pass b/w umbilical arteries)
47
if arteries ascent is blocked will kidneys be functional
yes
48
what artery initially supplies the kidney
lateral sacral artery, common iliac, aortic bifurcation, arota
49
what are accessory renal arteries
they go right into lower lobe of kidney
50
where do true renal arteries go
through hilum
51
are accessory renal arteries common?
yes, twice as common as accessory renal veins
52
if both kidneys get stopped at IMA what happens clinically
horseshoe kidney
53
What happens in pancake kidney
upper ends fuse together
54
what parts fuse together in horseshoe kidney
lower poles fuse
55
what fuses in pancake kidney
upper poles
56
What is renal agenesis
onen or both kidney absent
57
if uteric buds don't grow, collecting ducts and nephrons don't develop, what results
renal agenesis
58
what is one thing that can happen if there is unilateral renal agenesis
olighydraminos
59
bilateral renal agenesis is always
fatal
60
renal agenesis is often associated with what other birth defects
absence of vagina, uterus, ducturs deferens, etc.
61
what is hydronephrosis
Dilatation of renal pelvis (*) and calices (major and minor) due to obstruction in the urinary passages resulting in major kidney damage depending if its acute or chronic
62
If there is an extra renal artery what pole of kidney does it usually go to
lower pole
63
what can accessory renal artery do to ureter
push on it an dimpinge
64
extra renal artery could cause what b/c it pushes on ureter
hydronephrosis and damaging kidney
65
uteric bud migrates from mesonephric duct into what
urogenital sinus (upper part)
66
what does uteric bud form
collecting duct
67
why does uteric bud migrate away from mesonephric duct
mesonephric duct will degenerate
68
what does the upper part of urogenital sinus form
bladder
69
ureter is formed from what
intermediate mesoderm
70
is bladder part of urinary system embryologically
no - part of hindgut
71
what forms inside and outside of hindgut
endoderm inside
| visceral laterl plate mesoderm outside
72
what does uteric bud form from
intermediate mesoderm
73
describe double ureter
duplicated unilaterally or bilaterally
| may or may not be associated witht he duplication of kidney next to median umbilica ligament
74
does double ureter cause problems
no, just need a pipe going into bladder
75
what is an ectopic ureter
ureter may open into vagina, urethera, or vestibule and usually due to faulty development of mesonephric (wolffian) duct
76
can there be two uteric buds
yes
77
if there are two uteric buds going into same sea of mesoderm what will happen
duplex ureter
78
what is duplex ureter
splitting of ureteric bud duplicating collecting portion of kidney
79
what are the consequences of duplex ureter
nephrons poorly developed
80
what are the consequences of duplex ureter
nephrons poorly developed
81
what is original of urinary bladder
endoderm - part of hindgut
82
what are three parts of urogenital sinus
upper
middle
lower
83
upper part of urogenital sinus forms what
bladder
84
what comes off upper part of bladder
urachus
85
what is function of urachus
holds up the upper part of the bladder
86
what is urachus connected to
median umbilical ligament
87
where does the ureter directly come off of?
mesenephric duct
88
where does the ureter directly come off of?
mesenephric duct
89
utereter is formed fromw hat
intermediate mesoderm
90
primtiive bladder is lined with what
endoderm
91
initially the bladder is endoderm and
intermediate mesoderm
92
final the bladder is
endoderm only
93
middle of urogenital sinus helps form what
prostatic and membranous urethra in males and entire urethra in females
94
last part of urogenital sinus forms what
spongy urethra in males and vestibule of vagina in females
95
what is middle of urogenital sinus lined with
endoderm
96
what is last part of urogenital sinus lined with
endoderm
97
lining of glans penis is lined with what
ectoderm (exception!)
98
where does primitive urogenital sinus come from
cloacyl
99
where does anal rectal columns end
pectinate or dentate line
100
lateral folding failure - which leads to lumen of bladder being exposed on surface of body is called what
ectopia vesicae/exstrophy of bladder
101
what else can be associated with ectopia vesicae in males
epispadias ((urethra opens on dorsum of penis)
102
outer coretex developes from what
intermediate mesoderm
103
when does outer cortex of suprarenal gland form
6 week
104
inner medulla develops from what
neural crest cells
105
what is a perimesonephric duct formed from
intermediate mesoderm
106
what is a perimesonephric duct formed from
intermediate mesoderm
107
does mesonephric duct directly form nephron
no
108
what directly forms nephron
intermediate mesoderm or collecting duct
109
what directly forms seminiferous tubules
intermediate mesoderm
