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Embryology > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What time period is the morula formed in?

A

blastocystic

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2
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells come from?

A

epiblast

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3
Q

What is the very first system that develops

A

reproductive

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4
Q

when does reproductive system develop

A

week 3

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5
Q

what is second system to develop

A

cardiovasccular

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6
Q

when does cardiovascular system start to develp

A

in the middle of week 3

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7
Q

what is pathway of PGC

A

from epiblast through primitive streak to gonadal ridges

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8
Q

what are gonadal ridges formed from

A

caeolmic epithelium

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9
Q

what does celomic epithelium come from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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10
Q

How many chromosomes does PGC have

A

46, 2N

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11
Q

what is formed after PGC

A

oogonia & spermatogonia

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12
Q

when are primary oogonia form

A

5th month of intereutirine life

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13
Q

when are spermatogonia formed

A

puberty

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14
Q

what is the difference b/w primary and secondary (oocyte, spermatocyte)

A

46, 4N → 23, 2N

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15
Q

Where would you find the first polar body

A

tertiary follicle

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16
Q

where is secondary oocyte formed

A

tertiary follicle

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17
Q

what happens to primary polar body

A

it divides and forms two more polar bodies

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18
Q

what’s the process going from spermatocyte to sperm

A

no mitosis, all body work, pointy head, etc.

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19
Q

what’s another name for spermatazoa

A

sperm

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20
Q

what is in a primordial follicle

A

primary oocyte

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21
Q

what’s in a seondary follicle

A

primary oocyte

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22
Q

what’s the difference be/w primorida, secondary, tertiary follicle etc

A

the glandular cells

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23
Q

what is in the tertiary follicle

A

secondary oocyte & first polar body

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24
Q

at fertilization what occurs

A

list steps

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25
Q

what happens in first week

A

fertilization (list all the steps)

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26
Q

What happens in second week of development

A
  1. Embryoblast (E) splitting into two germ layers: the epiblast and hypoblast (lamination- bilaminar disk)
  2. Trophoblast (T) dividing into two layers: inner cytotrophoblast and outer syncytiotrophoblast
  3. Two cavities appear- the amniotic cavity and the blastocyst cavity
  4. Blastocyst cavity is remodeled twice to form the primary and secondary yolk sacs
  5. Extraembryonic mesoderm splits into two layers: parietal and visceral layers
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27
Q

what part of embryo does hypoblast form

A

nothing

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28
Q

what does hypoblast form

A

inner lining of yolk sac

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29
Q

extraembronic mesoderm is formed from what

A

hypoblast cells

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30
Q

what isst he connecting stalk formed from

A

parietal and visceral laterl plate mesoderm

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31
Q

does the chorionic cavity completely surround the blastocyst

A

almost all of it except for the connecting stalk

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32
Q

what villi will remain throughout pregnancy

A

tertiary

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33
Q

what happens in week 3

A

trilaminar disk

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34
Q

what goes throught he primitves streak first

A

definitiive endoderm cells

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35
Q

where do mesoderm cells go

A

flow like water to the front

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36
Q

what allows the neuroectoderm to pinch off

A

notocord

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37
Q

what is significant about the allantois

A

blood vessels migrate from allantois to connecting stalk

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38
Q

what are blood vessels in connecting stalk called

A

umbilical

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39
Q

the endoderm,w hat’s the only strucutre it forms?

A

gut tube + inner lining of gut tube + anything that buds off gut tube

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40
Q

what are sinusoids formed from

A

endoderm

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41
Q

paraxial mesoderm is dividied into what

A

somite

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42
Q

what’s the difference b/w somate and somatomyere

A

somatomere is in head and is less organized

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43
Q

what’s the most important thing from the head fold

A

forces heart from dorsal to ventral position

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44
Q

what develops as heart moves ventrally

A

a space

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45
Q

what starts to enclose space as heart moves

A

pericardial fold that will form parietal pericardium

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46
Q

what is only part of anterior surface that is not pinched off

A

umbilical cord

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47
Q

what are the three layers of the fetal side of the placenta

A

parietal extraembryonic mesoderm most inner
cytotrophoblast
synctiotrophoblast

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48
Q

where is the primitive primoridal body cavity coming from

A

space b/w parietal and visceral laterl plate mesoderm-

where star is on summary of development of body cavities

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49
Q

where is the only place you’ll find ventral mesentary

A

foregut

50
Q

ventral mesentary has falciform ligament, coronary iligament, and what

A

triangular ligament

51
Q

whats opposite of ventral mesentary

A

dorsal mesentary

52
Q

where will you find dorsal mesentary

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

53
Q

where will you find dorsal mesentary

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

54
Q

lateral folding does what

A

help merge dorsal aorta together
merge heart tubes together
help merge extraembryonic blood islands together
closes anterior part of developing embryo

55
Q

what are two most common heart defects

A 
Ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) 
Membranous ventricular septal defect:
(Tetralogy of Fallot is common abnormality.  I thought in class he said something about ectopic cordis)
56
Q

ectopic cordis

A

laterl folding defect in thoracic region

57
Q

what are two defects in abdominal cavity lateral defect

A

gastroschisis or omphalocele

58
Q

what is unique about the midgut

A

due to kidneys and reproductive system it gets pushed out during development and then comes back in

59
Q

what happens if midgut doesnt get sucked back in

A

omphalocele

60
Q

why is omphalocele so serious

A

chromosomal or birth defects

61
Q

inferior body section defect can affect what

A

bladder and in males the penis

62
Q

inferior body section defect can affect what (due to lateral wall defect)

A

bladder and in males the penis

63
Q

the pericardium is formed from the descent of what

A

heart and lung

64
Q

what separates primtiive body cavity into two parts

A

septum transversum

65
Q

where does setptum trasnversum start

A

cervical region

66
Q

heart and lungs push what from cervical region to normal location

A

diaphragm

67
Q

as setum transversum pushes down diaphragm it goes throughw hat canals

A

pleuroperitoneal cnals

68
Q

what burrows through pleuroperitanle cnal

A

lung itself

69
Q

as lung travels what does it does

A

separates pleural pericardial fold

70
Q

what is formed from pleural pericardial fold

A

pericardium (just the fibrous and pareital part)

71
Q

what forms visceral pericardium

A

heart itself

72
Q

what is the diaphragm formed from

A

septum transversum

73
Q

what is septum transversum formed from

A

VLPM

74
Q

what fills in where the lung has eaten away as it travels

A

myotomes (muscular part of diaphragm)

75
Q

are lungs a bud off of GI tract

A

yes

76
Q

what is the major structure that roates the entire developmental rotation of foregut

A

stomach

77
Q

what affect does the rotation fo the stomach have on the descending colon

A

no affect - desc. colon is not foregut

78
Q

what does stomach move

A

foregut

79
Q

what moves midgut

A

lateral folding

80
Q

urinary bladder is part of what

A

hindgut

81
Q

what makes up wall of bladder

A

VLPM

82
Q

what makes up lining of bladder

A

endoderm (bud off of hindgut)

83
Q

where does the cloaca end?

A

pectinate or dentate line

84
Q

where does the hidngut end

A

pectinate/dentate line

85
Q

what is after hindgut @ pentate line

A

procotderm

86
Q

what is after hindgut @ pentate line

A

proctoderm

87
Q

what is after hindgut @ pentate line

A

proctoderm

88
Q

what forms all the vasculature and all the parts of the heart except for codotrumpal septum & membranous part of inner ventricular septum

A

VLPM

89
Q

where does the neuro tube start from

A

the blood islands

90
Q

where does myoblast come from

A

VLPM

91
Q

what pushes heart tubes togehter and allows the hart to develop into sepeparete things

A

laterl plate folding

92
Q

where does heart tube come from

A

upper part of epiblast

93
Q

in the beginning how much of heart is from VLPM

A

all of it

94
Q

how many pairs of aoritc arches

A

6 pairs

95
Q

where do aortic arches go towards

A

head and neck

96
Q

which vein is oxygen rich

A

umbilical vein

97
Q

whats another name ofr bulbus cordis

A

right ventricle

98
Q

what exactly of aorta is formed from conotruncal septum

A

ascending aorta

99
Q

what does cardiac looping cause

A

atrium to be on top

ventricl on bottom

100
Q

what is the septum primium formed from

A

VLPM

101
Q

what is hole under septum primum called

A

foramen primium

102
Q

what are the holes poked in foramen primium called

A

septum secundum

103
Q

what is membranous of innerventricular wall formed from

A

neurocrest cells

104
Q

all the blood islands go into what

A

sinus venosus ( ?)

105
Q

what does vitelline vein form

A

drains yolk sac of nutrients going into liver so it forms portal vein

106
Q

umbilical vein forms what

A

round ligament of liver

107
Q

supracardinal vein forms what

A

azygous or hemizygous

108
Q

what does subcardinal veinc orm

A

IVC

109
Q

what does right common cardinal vein form

A

SVC

110
Q

what does sacrocardinal vein form

A

left common illiac

111
Q

what does the posterior cardinal vein form

A

it degenarates but a bunch of stuff form off it

112
Q

what percentage of blood goes thorugh ligmentum arteriosum

A

0%

113
Q

why does ducturs venosus bipass the liver

A

its not ready

114
Q

what does job of liver before its ready

A

placenta

115
Q

what flows through ligmentum vinosum

A

nothing

116
Q

blood goes from right atrium to what

A

left atrium

117
Q

what does almost all the blood go to in heart and why

A

left ventricle - needs lots of blood to make the wall ready

118
Q

foramen ovale shutn allows what

A

all blood to go fromright to left atrium

119
Q

cystrna chili has how many parts

A

2

120
Q

cystrna chili has how many parts

A

2

Embryology (16 decks)

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