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Embryology > Ovulation to Implantation > Flashcards

Ovulation to Implantation Flashcards

1
Q

Gut tube is formed from what?

A

only two things

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2
Q

What is the first prenatal time period?

A

blastocystic

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3
Q

What is the second time period of prenatal development?

A

embryonic

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4
Q

What is the third time period of prenatal development?

A

fetal

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5
Q

In first two weeks what is gamete called

A

blastocyst

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6
Q

Week 3-8 is what time period

A

embryonic

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7
Q

Organogenesis is what time period

A

3-8

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8
Q

By end of week 8 all of what have been developed

A

organ systems

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9
Q

What is the first system to develop

A

reproductive system

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10
Q

If it is in second week of development it is called a:

A

blastocyst

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11
Q

Primordial germ cell originates from what?

A

epiblast layer of blastocyst

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12
Q

It takes how long to go from where they are born to primitive streak

A

a week

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13
Q

What is the primitive streak

A

like a zipper, it opens and then will close. when it closes it prevents add’l PGC from entering

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14
Q

What happens in first three weeks?

A

increasing number of primoridal germ cells - increasing cell number by rapid mitosis

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15
Q

In the fourth week the primoridal germ cells get a ride on what?

A

hindgut (? check on this, wasn’t sure)

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16
Q

urogenital ridge forms what?

A

urinary system and genital system

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17
Q

paramesonephric duct forms what

A

female reproductive tract

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18
Q

mesonephric duct forms what

A

male reproductive tract

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19
Q

why are paramesonephric and mesonephric both formed in week 5?

A

it doesn’t know if it’s going to be boy or girl until primordial germ cells get there

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20
Q

what is coelomic epithelium

A

outermost part of genital ridge

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21
Q

what happens to primoridal germ cells

A

will go into coelomic epithelium

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22
Q

what will coelomic epithelum form

A

primary sex cords

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23
Q

what have two cords of development?

A

females, they have primary and secondary gonadal cords

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24
Q

what happens to primary gonadal cords in female?

A

they will degenerate and then will form secondary gonadal cords

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25
Q

within each cord is what

A

primordial germ cells

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26
Q

PGC stands for what

A

primordial germ cells

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27
Q

PGC form what in males

A

spermatogonia

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28
Q

spermatagonia form what

A

primary spermatocytes with testis cords

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29
Q

spermatocytes with testis cords form what

A

seminiferous tubules

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30
Q

In female PGC forms what?

A

oogonium

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31
Q

oogonium forms what?

A

primary oocytes (MI) at 5th month

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32
Q

when does male gamete enter meiosis 1

A

puberty

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33
Q

when does female gamete enter meiosis 1?

A

5th month

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34
Q

Write out chart of meiosis I and II, listing the number of chromosomes at each step

A

ppt pg 11

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35
Q

chromatid have how much DNA

A

4N

36
Q

Is there genetic difference b/w oocyte and polar body?

A

No

37
Q

what happens to polar bodies?

A

will be reabsorbed

38
Q

mature oocyte has how much chromsomes and DNA

A

23, 1N

39
Q

How many polar bodies are formed after first maturation division in female

A

1

40
Q

How many polar bodies are formed after second maturation dividion in female?

A

1, and the first polar body makes two more polar bodies, so total of 3 polar bodies

41
Q

are both secondary spermatocytes viable?

A

yes

42
Q

can spermatids fertilize an egg

A

no

43
Q

spermatids are not the same as:

A

sperm

44
Q

there is no change in the genetics from spermatid to

A

sperm

45
Q

what changes in spermatid to sperm

A

the body changes

46
Q

what percent of oogonia survive

A

none

47
Q

what changes in primoridal follicle to primary follicle

A

the outside, the oocyte itself and DNA doesnt change

48
Q

What happens in primoridal follicle to primary follicle

A

the outside ell layer is stratified, still ahve primary oocyte

49
Q

what is the difference b/w primary and secondary follicel

A

still have primary oocyte, just have a lot more granular cells and have some follicular antrum

50
Q

what is the genetic difference b/w primarya nd secondary follicel

A

nothing

51
Q

tertiary follicel has what kind of occyte

A

secondary occyte

52
Q

only in what phase is there a secondary occyte

A

tertiary follicle

53
Q

where is the cumulus oophorus found

A

tertiary follicle

54
Q

what is actually ovulated

A

secondary oocyte

55
Q

if no fertilization, the corpus luteum becomes what

A

corpus albicans

56
Q

if oocyte is fertilizaed, corpus luteum will become what

A

corpus luteum of pregnancy, it doesn’t regenerate

57
Q

what is the function of corpus luteum in pregnancy

A

secrete estrogen and progesterone until placenta takes over

58
Q

at the end of meiosis II what kind of sperm?

A

spermatids

59
Q

after the sperm enters the female genital tract what happens to it

A

the acrosomal head is revealed, stuff on top of it is removed

60
Q

what degenerates once sperm enters cytoplasm of oocyte

A

mitochondria and tail

61
Q

what happens to oocyte after sperm enters

A

zona reaction - cell membrane undergoes cortical reaction & changes properties to prevent fusion with more sperm.

62
Q

as soon as the male and femla pronuclei fuse together, its called:

A

zygote

63
Q

when sperm enters ococyte what happesn

A

second meiotic divison completed, its called a mature ovum and a polar body

64
Q

what is the egenetic makeup of the 2 blasomeres

A

46 2N

65
Q

what are the main results of fertilization

A

corpus leuteum stays
diploid number of chromosomes
sex of individual determined
cleavage of zygote to form 2 blastomeres

66
Q

what is a morula

A

a big bag of cells formed from zonia paloosa

67
Q

what is the compaction process

A

blastomeres segregating into an outer and inner cell mass and a blastocystic cavity

68
Q

inner cell mass forms

A

embryo

69
Q

outer cell mass forms

A

placenta

70
Q

what is in the blastocystic cavity

A

a little sugar to help nutritional requirement developing the inner cell mass

71
Q

A 23 year old woman comes into the clinic with complaints that she cannot get pregnant. the physician in deciding what tests to perform recalls which of the following is most likely in the normal gametogenesis process?
a. MII ends with gametes of 23, 1N
B. spermatids undergo further nuclear division
C. gametes reach gonadal ridge in 3rd week
D. Secondary follicle has a secondary oocytes
E. Gametogensis ends in blastocystic time period

A

A

72
Q

In actue uterine leiomyoma syndrome, there is difficulty in implantation into the endometrium in week one. In evaluating this disease, which of the followin gis most likely about the first week of development?
A. blastomeres divide by meiosis
B. Zona pellucida formed by zygote
C. Fertilization restores diploid number 46, 2N
D. Blastocyst directly forms morula
E. Inner cell mass forms trophoblast

A

C

73
Q

inner cell mas forms what

A

embryoblast

74
Q

What is often called the week of 2s

A

the second week of development

75
Q

embryoblast splits into what

A

epiblast and hypoblast

76
Q

the trophoblast splits into what

A

inner cytrotrophoblast & outer synctiotrophoblast

77
Q

what two cavities appear in second week of development

A

amniotic cavity & blastocyst cavity

78
Q

blastocyst cavity is remodeled twice to ofrm what

A

primary and secondary yolk sacs

79
Q

what two cavities appear in second week of development

A

amniotic cavity & blastocyst cavity

80
Q

extraembryonic forms what

A

placenta

81
Q

what does the epiblast form

A

all 3 germ layers of embryo

82
Q

what forms every part of baby

A

epiblast

83
Q

what does hypoblast form

A

forced dowanrd and is inner lining of yolk sac. it is also part of placenta

84
Q

deriviitve of hypoblast forms inner or extra embryonic material?

A

extra

85
Q

what is the name of the inner layer ( the blastocyst outer cell mast differentiates into

A

hypoblast

Embryology (16 decks)

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