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Embryology > Nervous System and Special Senses (Eye & Ear) Development > Flashcards

Nervous System and Special Senses (Eye & Ear) Development Flashcards

1
Q

What forms most of PNS

A

neural crest cells

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2
Q

what does neural tube form

A

brain & spinal cord neurons CNS

Glia

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3
Q

all 3 layers of meninges are formed by what

A

neural crest cells

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4
Q

what layer do they all come from

A

neural epithelial cells

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5
Q

enitre lineage of all cells from neurotube come from what

A

neural epithelial cells

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6
Q

what is germative layer

A

neural epithelial cell layer

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7
Q

what are the neural cells before they hit their target

A

bipolar neuroblast or glialblast

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8
Q

until they hit their target they don’t do what

A

differentiate

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9
Q

when do the neural cells differentiate

A

when they hit their target

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10
Q

what are the cells called that don’t leave

A

appendable cells

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11
Q

mesenchymal will form what

A

microglia

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12
Q

what are the scavengar cells

A

microglia

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13
Q

what do the microglia

A

come in after things are being formed and cleaned up the scavengers

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14
Q

In week 4 what is first thing that happens

A

develops 3 bulges

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15
Q

does neural tube go spine

A

yes

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16
Q

what is the first bulge in 4th week

A

prosencephalon

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17
Q

what is second bulge in 4th week

A

mesencephalon

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18
Q

what is third bulge in 4th week

A

rhombencephalon

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19
Q

what is cervical flexure formed from

A

tailfold

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20
Q

what folds the neural tube

A

headfold, tailfold

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21
Q

what is prosencephalon

A

forebrain

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22
Q

what does proencephalon give rise to

A

telencephalon & diencephalon

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23
Q

what does telencephalon form

A

forebrain

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24
Q

what does diencephalon form

A

optic vesicle (eyes)

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25
Q

what is mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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26
Q

what is rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain

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27
Q

is the retina a nerve

A

no it is brain itself

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28
Q

cephalic & cervical flexure - label

A

pg 7

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29
Q

label pontine flexure

A

pg 8

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30
Q

what does pontine flexure do

A

bend & separates metencephalon & myelencephalon

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31
Q

what structural changes happen to midbrain

A

not much

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32
Q

what is the first layer called laying across neural tube

A

ventricular/ependymal zone

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33
Q

what embryologically is important about ventircular zone

A

everything comes from it it is the germ layer

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34
Q

what is second layer across neural tube

A

intermediate/mantle zone

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35
Q

what is the third layer across neural tube

A

marginal zone

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36
Q

what wlil be shifted along neural axis due to presence of ventricles

A

alar & basal plates

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37
Q

in telencephalon how many layers are added

A

2 layers

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38
Q

how many add’l layers does cerebellum have

A

3 add’l layers

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39
Q

lateral 3rd and 4th ventricles shift the alar and basal plates which direction

A

down

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40
Q

what helps form cerebellar hemispheres

A

alar plates

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41
Q

what do basal pplates form in hindbrain

A

everything but cerebellar hemispheres

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42
Q

what are the 3 added layers on the hindbrain formed after 3 original layers and migrate on radial glia

A

granular, purkinje, molecular layers

43
Q

how many layers are added and changed in midbrain

A

none

44
Q

the cerebral cortex forms what add’l 2 neuronal layers in forebrain**

A

neocortex & molecular

45
Q

the neocortex and molecular layers wil differentiate into what

A

6 final layers of the cerebral cortex

46
Q

what is meninges originate from

A

neural crest & mesoderm of neural tube

47
Q

describe the organization of early neural tube that makes spinal cord

A

central lumen, alar ,basal plates

48
Q

what happens to ventral horns in spinal cord

A

cervical enlargement & lumbar enlargement

49
Q

what kind of cells are in ventral horn

A

motor

50
Q

where is cervical enlargement

A

by upper limbs (need more motor in ventral horn by upper limb)

51
Q

where is lumbar enlargement

A

by lower limb (need more motor in ventral horn by lower limbs)

52
Q

where does PNS originate from

A

neural crest cells

53
Q

if you remove brain and spinal cord what would happen to peripheral nervous system

A

it wouldn’t work

54
Q

if you take out brain and spinal cord what happens to enteric nervous system

A

would still function

55
Q

where does development of eye come from

A

dianephalon (forebrain)

56
Q

eye first starts as what

A

optic groove

57
Q

optic stalk comes from what*****

A

forebrain - it is brain itself

58
Q

identify the forebrain that makes optic stalk

A

pg 17

59
Q

what does optic cup

A

sends induction signals to surface ectoderm & lens of eye

60
Q

lens of eye is made of what

A

surface ectoderm

61
Q

anterior cornea is made of what

A

surface ectoderm

62
Q

inner layer of cornea is dervied fromw hat

A

neural crest cells

63
Q

retina has what two layers

A

outer pigmented & inner neural layer

64
Q

hyaloid artery has proximal and ____ part

A

distal

65
Q

as baby develops what happens to hyaloid artery

A

it breaks up into tiny pieces and floats in your eye for the REST OF YOUR LIFE

66
Q

what happens to hyaloid artery in optic nerve

A

becomes central artery of retina

67
Q

sclera originates from what

A

neural crest cells

68
Q

cilliary muscle is derived from what

A

neural crest cells

69
Q

what 3 muscles of eye violate the rule of where muscle orinates from

A

cilliary muscle, sphincter and dilator pupillae musle

70
Q

sphincter and dilator pupillae musle are derived from what**

A

neural tube itself

71
Q

choroid is derived from what**

A

neural crest cells

72
Q

is chorid mesoderm in origina

A

no it is neural crest

73
Q

what is unique about the pharyngeal arch #1

A

inside and outside are both ectoderm

74
Q

outer ear comes from clef of what

A

pharyngeal arch 1

75
Q

auricle of ear is fromed from what

A

auricular swellings from pharyngeal arches 1 & 2

76
Q

what is unique about the tympanic membrane

A

only part of human body derived from all 3 germ layers

77
Q

outside of ear is lined with what

A

ectoderm

78
Q

inside ear is lined with what

A

mesoderm

79
Q

inner ear is lined with what

A

endoderm

80
Q

oval window does not have what organization

A

the same as the rest of the ear - with all 3 germ layers, only the tympanic membrane has that

81
Q

what is the lining of the entire middle ear

A

endoderm

82
Q

anything that comes off of middle ear like iditris or pharyngeal tympanic tube

A

endoderm

83
Q

inner ear is made of what

A

surface ectoderm

84
Q

inner ear migrates and clicks into what

A

middle ear

85
Q

all the parts of inner ear is derived from what

A

ectoderm

86
Q

what happens if inner ear doesn’t migrate correctly

A

no inner ear & sensory deafness

87
Q

what is the external ear mainly formed from

A

ecotermal

88
Q

pharyngeal arch 1 goes in and forms what

A

external aucustic meatis and ultimately helps form the outer part of tympacni membrane

89
Q

middle ear is lined with what

A

endoderm

90
Q

inner ear is lined with what

A

surface ectodermal

91
Q

diencephalon comes from what

A

neural ectoderm

92
Q

retina is what

A

forebraine - brian itself

93
Q

does optic stalk have 3 layers of meninges

A

yes, retina is forebrain itself

94
Q

what does posterior of ear

A

neural crest

95
Q

sclera and choroid are not what

A

mesoderm (they are neural crest cells)

96
Q

what does posterior of ear

A

neural crest(check on this, not sure if this is what he mean)

97
Q

sclera and choroid are not what

A

mesoderm (they are neural crest cells)

98
Q

neuroectoderm forms what

A

neural tube & neural crest cells

99
Q

what else besides cephalic fold differentiates forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

A

headfold, tailfold, pontine

100
Q

does the spinal cord 3 layers have the same size throughout its entire length

A

partially true, but there is cervical and lumbar enlargement

101
Q

lateral ventirlces do what

A

shove everything downard, they have huge affect

102
Q

neuropethelial layer wille ventually form what

A

ventricular layer

103
Q

inner ear is derived from what

A

ectoderm

104
Q

outer ear is lined with what

A

ectoderm

Embryology (16 decks)

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