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Embryology > Urogenital II > Flashcards

Urogenital II Flashcards

1
Q

What does genital system develop after

A

urinary system

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2
Q

where does the genital system develop from

A

primoridal germ cell start in epiblast layer

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3
Q

identify developing hindgut

A

ppt slide 31

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4
Q

in females what happens to primary gonadal cord

A

degenerate

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5
Q

what is retoverie

A

degenerateing female primary gonadal cords

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6
Q

identify primary degenerating gonadal cord

A

pg 31

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7
Q

indifferent gonads have

A

both paramesonephric duct (female) and mesonephric duct (male)

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8
Q

why do we want indifferent gonads

A

gonadal cords dont know if its male or female and PGC are not there yet to tell them

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9
Q

mesonephric duct is originally part of what

A

kidney

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10
Q

what oes paramesonephric duct do in reference ot urinary system

A

absolutely nothing

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11
Q

paramesonephric duct is formed from what

A

intermediate mesoderm

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12
Q

what forms the coelomic epithelium

A

intermediate mesoderm

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13
Q

does paramesonephric duct have urinary function

A

no

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14
Q

what does paramesonephric duct form

A

uterus, uterine tube, upper vagina

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15
Q

what is lower part of vagina formed from

A

urogenital sins (endoderm)

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16
Q

is lower part of vagina formed from paramesonephric duct

A

no, its formed from urogenital sinus

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17
Q

sinovaginal ball

A

he showed on pg 32

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18
Q

when do we find out of its male or female

A

7th week

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19
Q

what is another name for mesonephric duct

A

wolffian duct

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20
Q

what is another name for paramesonephric duct

A

mullerian duct

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21
Q

what is testis cord formed from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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22
Q

testis cords form what

A

rete testis

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23
Q

efferent tubules connect what

A

future epididymis with testis cord

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24
Q

what would happen if efferent tubules do not form

A

male would be sterile (no connetion b/w epididymis and testis cord)

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25
Q

sustentacular cells secrete what

A

mulerian inhibiting substance - prevents proflieration of mularian duct

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26
Q

qhat does mularian duct form

A

uterine tube

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27
Q

what is default developemnt of reproductive tract

A

female

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28
Q

why is it important that sustentacular cells are there in males

A

it prevents it from going to the default female pathway

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29
Q

what happens if ther is not enough mullerian inhibiting substance produced by sustentacular cells?

A

hermaphrodite - XY but female genitals

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30
Q

initially testis lie in what region

A

lumbar region of posterior abdominal wall

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31
Q

by 3rd month where are testis

A

deep inguinal ring

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32
Q

by 7th month what do testis pass through

A

inguinal canal

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33
Q

if the inguinal canal doesn’t close off after testis pass through what could happen

A

inguinal hernia

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34
Q

when does testis reach scrotum

A

8th mnth

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35
Q

accumulation of peritoneal fluid in tunica vaginalis is what pathology

A

hydrocele testis

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36
Q

what is function of gubernaculum

A

pushes/pulls the testis through inguinal canal (process vginalis

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37
Q

what is another name for process vaginalis

A

inguinal canal

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38
Q

what does testis carry with it as it travels

A

its arteries and veins (testicular artery)

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39
Q

what is cryptorchidism

A

testis fail to descend

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40
Q

what is ectopia

A

abnormal position of testis under skin - can be along lower part of abdomen, thigh, femoral canal, penis ,behind scrotum

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41
Q

what is agenisis

A

no formation of testis

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42
Q

what is duplication

A

testis on one side

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43
Q

urogenital sinus comes from what

A

cloaclia

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44
Q

cloaclia comes from what

A

hindgut

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45
Q

what is organization of hindgut

A

endoderm inside VLPM outside

46
Q

tip of glans penis is lined with what

A

skin

47
Q

end or tip of urethra in penis is lined with what

A

skin = ectoderm

48
Q

the intermediate mesoderm is considered what in male urogenital/reproductive part

A

vestigial

49
Q

primary and secondary gonadal cords are formed from what

A

intermediate mesoderm

50
Q

what happens to primary cords in female

A

disappears

51
Q

what happens to secondary cord in female

A

PGC in it - they form oogonia dn then form primary oocytes

52
Q

when does meiosis I start in women

A

5th month

53
Q

when does meiosis I start in male

A

puberty

54
Q

at puberty, how many oogonia are in the female

A

0 - they either degenerate or converted to primary oocytes

55
Q

what happens in female ot mesonepheric duct

A

goes away

56
Q

what happens in female to paramesonephric duct

A

forms uterus, uterus tube, cervix, upper part of vagina

57
Q

100% of uterus is formed from what

A

paramesonephric duct

58
Q

how does paramesonaphric duct form uterus

A

their caudal ends fuse together via lateral folding

59
Q

what happens ot uterine septum

A

it goes away

60
Q

what is sinovaginal bulb formed from? what are the two layers

A

urogenital sinus therefore it’s formed from

inside: endoerm
outside: VLPM

61
Q

paramesonephric duct fuses together and with what

A

with the urogenital sinus (sinovaginal bulb)

62
Q

what happens to the lumen in the sinovaginal bulb

A

as child grows it gets bigger

63
Q

what forms the muscluar part of the uterus

A

intermediate mesoderm

64
Q

lower part of vagina is made of what

A

endoderm inside

VLPM outside

65
Q

Remnants of the mesonephros in (Epoophoron) and mesonephronic tubules (Paroophoron) females are located in:

A

mesoovarium

pg 42 - leftover from something from males

66
Q

do ovaries descend

A

yes

67
Q

what helps ovaries to descend

A

gubernaculum

68
Q

where are ovaries in reference to uterine tubes for final destination

A

below

69
Q

what is round ligament of uterus formed by

A

gubernaculum

70
Q

what does gubernaculum help to form

A

round ligatment of uterus & ovarian ligament

71
Q

if septum does not disappear what happens

A

uterus didelphys with double vagina

72
Q

is uterus didelphys compatible with pregnancy

A

no

73
Q

where does implantation normally occur

A

poterior superior part of uterus

74
Q

is uterus bicornis compatible with pregnancy

A

no

75
Q

what has lack of fusion of paramesonephric ducts but entering common vagina

A

uterus bicornis

76
Q

what is lack of fusion at only a small point (fundus)

A

uterus arcuatus

77
Q

what is lack of fusion of paramesonephric duct throughout the entire length

A

Uterus didelphys with double vagina-

78
Q

cloacial membrane is the bottom part of what

A

cloaclia

79
Q

what is cloacal membrane formed from

A

endoderm inside

vlpm outside

80
Q

external genitalia are similar instructure until what week

A

7

81
Q

urethral groove will eventually be-

A

covered up (like zipper)

82
Q

genial tubercle (in front) does what with testosterone

A

it gets bigger and forms penis

83
Q

as penis is formed what is stretched forward

A

cloaclial membrane

84
Q

what does cloaclial membrane form when it is stretched by penis

A

urethra

85
Q

what happens if urethral fold doesnt fuse together

A

penile abnormalities

86
Q

external urethral orifice is on the ventral aspect of glans - what is this

A

glandular hypospadias

87
Q

external urethral orifice is on the ventral surface of the penis along with chordee (abnormal angle of head of penis) - what pathology

A

penile hypospadias with chordee

88
Q

external urethral orifice is located at the penoscrotal junction is what pathology

A

penoscrotal hypospadias

89
Q

external urethral orifice is on dorsal surface of penis-what pathology

A

Epispadias-

90
Q

have both testis and ovary- usually combined as ovotestis karyotype is 46,XX and there is usually a uterus. External genitalia are ambiguous - what patholgoy?

A

true hermaphrodities

91
Q

Genotypic sex is masked by the phenotype appearance of other sex, but females have normal ovarian tissue and males have normal testicular tissue is what pathology

A

pseudohermaphrodities

92
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (where adrenal gland is abnormally acted) causes what

A

female pseudohermaphrodite

93
Q

primordial germ cells come from what

A

epiblast

94
Q

VLPM forms the muscular wall of what in reproductive tract

A

vagina

95
Q

paraxial mesoderm forms what

A

skeletal muscle (not infolved in reproductive sytstem)

96
Q

paraxial mesoderm forms what

A

skeletal muscle (not infolved in reproductive sytstem)

97
Q

what does nephric duct form

A

mesonephric duct

98
Q

whats importance of mesonephric duct

A

forms two of the uteric buds

99
Q

uteric buds form what

A

metonephric blastema or nephron of mature third kidney

100
Q

what week do external genitalia start to form

A

week 3

101
Q

mesoderm proliferates and forms cloacal folds around what?

A

common clacal membrane

102
Q

cloacal folds unite anteriorly and form what

A

genitle tubercle

103
Q

what form scrotum or labia majora?

A

lateral coacal folds (from genital swellings)

104
Q

what form urethral folds

A

cloacal folds

105
Q

what do urethral folds form?

A

urogenital & anal membranes

106
Q

what happens to urethral folds in female

A

they do not fuse and form labia minora

107
Q

what do genital swellings become in female

A

labia majora

108
Q

what is clitoris derived from

A

genitle tubercle

109
Q

what does female urethra develop from?

A

vesicourethral canal (vesicular part of urogenitcal sinus)

110
Q

round ligament of uterus is analagous to what in the male

A

gubernaculum

Embryology (16 decks)

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