Urogenital pathologies part 3 Flashcards
What are posterior urethral valves?
Posterior urethral valves are obstructive membranes in the urethra of male infants that block urine flow.
What causes posterior urethral valves?
: They occur due to abnormal development during fetal growth.
What are the signs and symptoms of posterior urethral valves?
- difficulty urinating,
- poor weight gain
- , frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- bladder dysfunction.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose posterior urethral valves?
Prenatal ultrasound, postnatal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and cystoscopy.
What is the radiographic appearance of posterior urethral valves?
The condition is often identified by the presence of thickened bladder walls and dilated posterior urethra on imaging studies.
What are the complications of posterior urethral valves?
- kidney damage
- vesicoureteral reflux
- chronic kidney disease.
What is pyelonephritis?
: Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that affects the kidneys.
What are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?
* Symptoms include fever
* flank pain
* painful urination
* frequent urination.
What causes pyelonephritis
: It is usually caused by bacterial infections, such as E. coli.
What is the radiographic appearance of pyelonephritis?
Imaging may show swollen kidneys and delayed excretion of contrast material.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose pyelonephritis?
: Ultrasound, CT scan, and sometimes MRI.
What are the complications of pyelonephritis?
- chronic kidney disease
- ** sepsis**
- Abscess formation.
What is emphysematous pyelonephritis?
: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe kidney infection that leads to gas formation within the renal parenchyma
What causes emphysematous pyelonephritis?
: It is often caused by bacterial infections, especially in individuals with diabetes.
What are the signs and symptoms of emphysematous pyelonephritis?
Symptoms include severe flank pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and septic shock.
