Urogenital pathologies part 2 Flashcards
What causes an ectopic kidney?
It’s a congenital condition caused by improper migration of the kidney during fetal development.
What are the signs and symptoms of an ectopic kidney?
Often asymptomatic, but may cause abdominal pain, urinary problems, or recurrent infections.
What is the radiographic appearance of an ectopic kidney?
The kidney is seen in an abnormal position, usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.
What imaging modality is used to diagnose an ectopic kidney?
Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.
What are the complications of an ectopic kidney?
Increased risk of kidney stones, infections, and obstructive uropathy.
What is ureteral reflux?
A condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys.
What causes ureteral reflux?
Congenital defects in the valve mechanism between the bladder and ureters.
: What are the signs and symptoms of ureteral reflux?
Frequent UTIs, abdominal pain, and bedwetting in children.
hydronephrosis
: What is the radiographic appearance of ureteral reflux?
Reflux of contrast dye into the ureters and kidneys during voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).
What imaging modality is used to diagnose ureteral reflux?
: VCUG and renal ultrasound.
What are the complications of ureteral reflux?
: Kidney damage, recurrent infections, and hypertension.
hydronephrosis
What is a urethral stricture?
: Narrowing of the urethra, often caused by injury, infection, or inflammation.
What causes a urethral stricture?
Trauma, infections, surgical procedures, or inflammation.
What is the radiographic appearance of a urethral stricture?
: Narrowing of the urethra seen on urethrogram.
What are the signs and symptoms of a urethral stricture?
Difficulty urinating, weak urine stream, and frequent UTIs.
