Cardiac pathologies 2 Flashcards
What is transposition of the great vessels?
It is a congenital heart defect where the two main arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are switched in position.
What causes transposition of the great vessels?
The exact cause is unknown, but it involves improper development of the heart during fetal growth.
What are the signs and symptoms of transposition of the great vessels?
- Cyanosis (bluish skin)
- Shortness of breath
- Poor feeding
- Clubbing of fingers and toes.
What are the complications of transposition of the great vessels?
Complications can include heart failure, arrhythmias, and other congenital heart defects.
What is the radiographic appearance of transposition of the great vessels?
Radiographs may show an “egg on a string” appearance due to the narrow superior mediastinum and increased pulmonary vascularity.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose transposition of the great vessels?
Echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and cardiac catheterization are commonly used.
What are the signs and symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Symptoms include cyanosis, difficulty feeding, poor weight gain, and episodes of bluish skin during crying or feeding (Tet spells).
What is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four anomalies: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta.
What causes Tetralogy of Fallot?
It is caused by abnormal development of the heart during fetal growth, often due to genetic factors or unknown reasons.
What is the radiographic appearance of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Radiographs may show a “boot-shaped” heart due to right ventricular hypertrophy and decreased pulmonary vascularity.
What are the complications of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Complications can include arrhythmias, endocarditis, and long-term heart failure.
What causes dextrocardia?
It results from abnormal development during fetal growth.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose Tetralogy of Fallot?
Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality. MRI and CT scans can also be used for detailed assessment.
What is dextrocardia?
Dextrocardia is a congenital condition where the heart is situated on the right side of the chest instead of the left.
What are the signs and symptoms of dextrocardia?
Often asymptomatic, but may include cyanosis, shortness of breath, and other symptoms if associated with other congenital heart defects.
