Urogenital pathologies part 3 Flashcards
What is polycystic kidney disease?
A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
What causes polycystic kidney disease?
Mutations in genes (PKD1 and PKD2).
What are the signs and symptoms of polycystic kidney disease?
: Hypertension, kidney pain, hematuria, and urinary tract infections.
What is the radiographic appearance of polycystic kidney disease?
: Enlarged kidneys with numerous cysts of varying sizes.
What imaging modality is used to diagnose polycystic kidney disease?
Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI.
What causes medullary sponge kidney
The exact cause is unknown, but it is a congenital condition.
What are the complications of polycystic kidney disease?
- Kidney failure
- cyst infections
- liver cysts.
- Aneurysms
- Hypertension
What is medullary sponge kidney?
is a congenital disorder where small, fluid-filled cysts form in the medulla (middle part) of the kidneys
What is the radiographic appearance of medullary sponge kidney?
Brush-like” appearance of the renal medulla on intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
What are the signs and symptoms of medullary sponge kidney?
- Hematuria,
- kidney stones
- urinary tract infections.
- Flank pain
- dilated tubules
What imaging modality is used to diagnose medullary sponge kidney?
: IVP and CT scan
What are the complications of medullary sponge kidney?
- Kidney stones
- recurrent infections.
- nephrocalcinosis
Absence of one or both kidneys at birth
Developmental failure of the kidneys during fetal growth
What is renal agenesis?
Absence of one or both kidneys at birth
What are the signs and symptoms of renal agenesis
Often asymptomatic if one kidney is absent. Bilateral agenesis is usually fatal.
