TB BP & cardiac failure Flashcards
What is tuberculosis?
: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body.
What are the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?
- persistent cough
- chest pain
- coughing up blood
- fever
- night sweats
- weight loss, and fatigue.
: What causes tuberculosis?
: TB is caused by inhaling airborne droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, typically spread by individuals with active TB when they cough, sneeze, or talk.
What is the radiographic appearance of tuberculosis?
: TB typically appears as infiltrates or consolidations in the upper lobes of the lungs on chest X-rays, often with cavitation.
: What imaging modalities are used to diagnose tuberculosis?
Chest X-rays and CT scans are commonly used for diagnosis. Sputum tests and molecular tests like PCR also play a role.
What are the complications of tuberculosis?
- Fibrothorax
- Pulmonary artery aneurysm
- Respiratory failure,
- Dissemination to other organs (miliary TB).
- ETB
- Bronchiectasis
What is cardiac failure?
Cardiac failure, or heart failure, is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs.
What causes cardiac failure?
- coronary artery disease,
- hypertension,
- valvular heart disease,
- cardiomyopathy
- previous myocardial infarctions.
: What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac failure?
- shortness of breath,
- fatigue,
- swollen legs
- ankles,
- rapid or irregular heartbeat,
- persistent cough or wheezing.
What is the radiographic appearance of cardiac failure?
- On chest X-rays, signs include cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
- pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
- pleural effusions.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose cardiac failure?
: Echocardiography, chest X-rays, and MRI are commonly used. Blood tests and ECGs are also vital for diagnosis.
