Cardiac pathologies 3 Flashcards
What is pectus excavatum?
Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity characterized by a sunken chest wall.
What causes pectus excavatum?
It is caused by abnormal growth of the rib cage and sternum.
What are the signs and symptoms of pectus excavatum?
Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance.
What are the complications of pectus excavatum?
Complications can include compression of the heart and lungs, reducing their function.
What is the radiographic appearance of pectus excavatum?
The chest appears sunken on imaging.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose pectus excavatum?
Chest X-ray and CT scans are commonly used.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
It is a congenital condition characterized by the narrowing of the aorta.
What causes coarctation of the aorta?
The exact cause is unknown, but it involves abnormal development during fetal growth.
What are the signs and symptoms of coarctation of the aorta?
- Blood pressure
- Headache
- Muscle weakness
- Leg cramps
- Cold feet.
What are the complications of coarctation of the aorta?
Complications can include heart failure, aortic rupture, stroke, and aneurysm.
What is the radiographic appearance of coarctation of the aorta?
Imaging may show rib notching and a “3” sign on the chest X-ray.
What imaging modalities are used to diagnose coarctation of the aorta?
Echocardiography, MRI, CT angiography, and chest X-ray are commonly used.
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
PDA is a condition where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing blood to flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
What causes patent ductus arteriosus?
It is a congenital condition resulting from the ductus arteriosus not closing properly after birth.
What are the complications of patent ductus arteriosus?
Complications can include heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and endocarditis.
