Uro - Urinary Incontinence + BPH Flashcards
What does the female GU system consist of?
→ 2 kidneys
→ 2 ureters
→ urinary bladder
→ urethra
What do the kidneys do?
→ remove waste products of metabolism
→ remove excess water and salts from the blood
→ maintain the pH
What is the function of the ureters?
Convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
What are the dimensions + orientation of the ureters?
→ Each one is about 25cm long, upper half lies in abdomen and lower half in pelvis.
What are the constrictions of the ureters?
→ Measures 3mm in diameter but slightly constricted at 3 places (pelvic ureteric junction, pelvic brim, as it passes through the bladder wall).
What are the 3 layers of the ureters?
→ tissue-outer fibrous tissue
→ middle muscle layer
→ inner epithelium layer
What is the blood supply to the ureters?
related to region: renal/lumbar/gonadal/common iliac, internal iliac and superior vesical arteries with corresponding venous drainage
What are the lymphatics of the ureters?
left ureter drains into left para-aortic nodes, right ureter drains into right paracaval and interaortocaval lymph nodes
What is the nervous supply of the ureters?
autonomic nervous supply
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
muscular reservoir of urine
What are dimensions + anatomical position of the bladder?
→ when empty, bladder is pelvic organ, when distended it rises up to abdominal cavity and becomes an abdomino-pelvic organ.
→ empty bladder is a 4 sided pyramid in shape and has 4 angles - apex, neck and 2 lateral angles and 4 surfaces - base/posterior surface, 2 inferiolateral surfaces and a superior surface.
What are the 3 layers of the urinary bladder?
→ outer loose connective tissue
→ middle smooth muscle and elastic fibres
→ inner layer lined with transitional epithelium
What is the blood supply to the bladder?
superior and inferior vesical branches of internal iliac artery. Drained by vesical plexus which drains into internal iliac vein
What are the lymphatics of the bladder?
internal iliac nodes and then para-aortic nodes
What is the nervous supply for the bladder?
autonomic nervous supply
What is the male GU system made up of?
→ 2 kidneys → 2 ureters → urinary bladder → prostate → urethra
Where is the prostate anatomically?
Gland lying below the bladder in the male and surrounds the proximal part of the urethra (prostatic urethra)
connected to bladder by connective tissue
What is the function of the prostate?
Function is to secrete 75% of seminal fluid which liquifies coagulated semen after deposition in the female genital tract
What are the dimensions of the bladder?
Measures 4x3x2cm, conical in shape
What are the 3 parts of the prostate?
→ left lateral lobe
→ right lateral lobe
→ middle lobe
What is the blood supply to the prostate?
inferior vesical artery
venous drainage via prostatic plexus to the vesical plexus and internal iliac vein
What are the lymphatics of the prostate?
internal + sacral nodes
What is the nerve supply of the prostate?
autonomic nervous supply
What are the dimensions and pathways of the urethra?
20cm long tube Runs through: Neck of bladder Prostate gland Floor of pelvis Perineal membrane to the penis External urethral orifice at the tip of male penis
What are the 3 main parts of the urethra?
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy
What is the blood supply for the urethra?
prostatic-inferior vesical artery,
membranous-bulbourethral artery
spongy urethra- internal pudendal artery
with corresponding venous drainage.
What are the lymphatics of the urethra?
Prostatic + membranous urethra : drain to obturator + internal iliac nodes
Spongy urethra : drains to deep + superficial inguinal nodes
What is the nervous supply of the urethra?
Prostatic plexus
What is normal micturition?
Intermittent voiding of urine stored in the bladder
What is the filling phase of micturition?
Bladder fills + distends without rise intravesical pressure
Urethral sphincter contracts + closes urethra
What is the voiding phase of micturition?
Bladder contracts + expels urine
Urethral sphincter relaxes and urethra opens