Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

!!!!! BRS YR2 !!!!! > Cardio - ECG > Flashcards

Cardio - ECG Flashcards

1
Q

What abnormalities can ECGs help us find?

A

Conductional abnormalities
Structural abnormalities
Perfusiom abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are the practical advantages to an ECG?

A

Relatively cheap and easy to undertake
Reproducible between people and centres
Quick turnaround on result / report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the electrodes?

A

The sticky tabs to put on the person in certain positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the cables/wires?

A

Lead from the electrodes to the actual machine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the leads?

A

Measurement of electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many leads are involved in an ECG?

A

12 in 12-lead ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many cables are involved in a 12-lead ECG?

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a vector?

A

Quantity that has both magnitude and direction

Typically represented by an arrow in the net direction of movement, whose size reflects the magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a downward deflection like this represent?

A

Wave of excitation is moving towards the negative electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a upwards deflection like this mean?

A

Wave of excitation moves towards the positive electrodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a deflection like this denote?

A

Wave of excitation is moving 45 degrees away from the negative electrode in either direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a deflection like this denote?

A

Wave of excitation moves towards the positive electrode 45 degrees in each direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a wave like this denote?

A

Isoelectric line represents no net change in voltage I.e. vectors are perpendicular to the lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a width of a deflection denote?

A

Duration of the event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the steepness of the deflection denote?

A

Velocity of action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What phase does this electrical signal of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Atrial systole - stimulates contraction of the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What phase does this electrical signal of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Ventricles systole - Stimulates contraction of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What phase does this electrical signal in the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Signifies relaxation of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cardiac vector does the P wave represent?

A

SAN (sinoatrial node)
Autorhythmic my oysters
Atrial depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cardiac vector does the P-Q interval represent?

A 
Represents a delay
AVN depolarisation 
Isoelectric ECG
Slow signal transduction
Protective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Bundle of His
Rapid conduction
Insulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Bundle branches

Septal depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Purkinje fibres

Ventricular depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the cardiac cycle represent?

A 
Purkinje fibres (2)
Late ventricular depolarisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the cardiac cycle represent?

A

Fully depolarised ventricles

Isoelectric line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What cardiac vector does this part of the ECG represent?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the Rule of Ls?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where do you put the electrodes for Lead I?

A

Right Arm (-) to Left Arm (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where do you put the electrodes for Lead II?

A

Right arm (-) to left leg (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do you put the electrodes for Lead III?

A

Left arm (-) to Left leg (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the rule of reading for the leads?

A

Polarity for the leads is read left to right and top to bottom, just like English.
First electrode of each bipolar pair is the negative electrode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where does the aVL lead go to and from?

A

Midpoint of lead II (-) to the left arm (+)

aVL = L = to the left arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where does the aVF attach to?

A

Midpoint of Lead I (-) to left leg (+)

aVF = F = to the floor AKA left leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where does the aVR attach to?

A

Midpoint of Lead III (-) to Right Arm (+)

aVR = R = to the right arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is V1 placed?

A

Right sternal border in the 4th intercostal space

36
Q

Where is V2 placed?

A

Left sternal border in the 4th intercostal space

37
Q

Where is V3 placed?

A

Halfway between V2 and V4

38
Q

Where is V5 placed?

A

Anterior axillary line at the level V4

39
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

Mid-clavicular line in the 5th intercostal space

40
Q

Where is V6 placed?

A

Mid-axillary line at the level of V4

41
Q

Which leads give you a lateral view of the heart?

A

Lead I
aVL
V5
V6

42
Q

Which leads give you an inferior view of the heart?

A

Lead II
Lead III
aVF

43
Q

What leads give you a septal view of the heart?

44
Q

Which leads give you an anterior view of the heart?

45
Q

Which leads represent the LCx (left circumflex artery)?

A

Lead I
aVL
V5
V6

46
Q

Which leads represent the RCA (right coronary artery)?

A

Lead II
Lead III
aVF

47
Q

Which leads represent LAD (left anterior descending artery)?

48
Q

Which of the leads are bipolar?

A

Lead I
Lead II
Lead III

49
Q

Which of the leads are unipolar?

A

Everything but Lead I, II, III

50
Q

Which lead doesn’t give you a view of a heart or any of its coronary arteries?

51
Q

Name the different parts of this ECG.

A 
A = P-R interval
B = PR segment
C = QRS complex
D = ST segment
E = ST interval
F = QT interval
52
Q

Calculate the R-R interval.

A

0.6 - 1.2 s (0.52s)

53
Q

Calculate the P-wave duration.

54
Q

What is the P-R interval?

A

120 - 200 ms

55
Q

Calculate the QRS duration.

56
Q

Calculate the QT interval.

57
Q

Calculate T-wave duration.

58
Q

Calculate the heart rate.

A

60-100 bpm

59
Q

How do you calculate cardiac or QRS axis?

60
Q

What is sinus rhythm? What are its features?

61
Q

What is sinus arrhythmia?

62
Q

What is sinus tachycardia?

63
Q

What is sinus bradycardia?

64
Q

What can normally cause bradycardia?

A

Medication or vagal stimulation

65
Q

What can normally cause tachycardia?

A

Often a physiological response

66
Q

When can sinus arrhythmia be normal?

A

R-R interval can normally vary with breathing cycle

67
Q

What are the features of atrial fibrillation on an ECG?

68
Q

What are the risks of atrial fibrillation?

A

Turbulent flow pattern increases clotting risk

Atria not necessary for cardiac cycle

69
Q

How does the cardiac cycle carry on in atrial fibrillation?

A

Atria are not essential for cardiac cycle

70
Q

What is atrial flutter?

A

Short circuit in the heart causes atria to pump rapidly

71
Q

What are the features of atrial flutter on an ECG?

72
Q

What is first degree heart block?

A

Electrical impulses still reach the ventricles but move slowly through the AVN so impulses are delayed

73
Q

What are the features of first degree heart block on an ECG?

74
Q

What is second degree heart block (Mobitz I)?

A

heart will skip beats in a regular pattern

Caused by a diseased AVN

75
Q

What are the features of second degree heart block (Mobitz I)?

76
Q

What is second degree heart block (Mobitz I) also called?

A

Wencknebach phenomenon

77
Q

What are the features of second degree heart block (Mobitz II) on an ECG?

78
Q

What are the consequences of second degree heart block (Mobitz II)?

A

Can rapidly deteriorate into third degree heart block

79
Q

What are the features of third degree heart block?

80
Q

What are the features of ventricular tachycardia on an ECG?

81
Q

What are the risks of ventricular tachycardia ?

A

High risk of deteriorating into fibrillation (cardiac arrest)
However, is a shockable rhythm

82
Q

What are the features of ventricular fibrillation on an ECG?

83
Q

What are the risks of ventricular fibrillation?

A

Heart is unable to generate any output
Is cardiac arrest
However it is a shockable rhythm

84
Q

What are the features of ST elevation on an ECG?

85
Q

What causes an ST elevation?

A

Infarction (heart attack)

86
Q

What are the features of ST depression on an ECG?

87
Q

What causes ST depression?

A

Myocardial ischaemia

!!!!! BRS YR2 !!!!! (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions