Urine Analysis

Question 1

If bilirubin is in the urine what might this indicate?

Answer 1

Hepatic or biliary disease

Question 2

If ketones are in urine what might this be an indicator of?

Answer 2

Diabetes

Starvation

Question 3

What does specific gravity monitor?

Answer 3

It monitors the diluting/ concentrating power of the kidneys

Question 4

What might low conc of specific gravity indicate?

Answer 4

Renal abnormality

Continuous fluid intake

Question 5

What cam high conc of specific gravity mean?

Answer 5

Dehydration

Usually indicates good kidney ability

Question 6

What does blood in urine indicate?

Answer 6

Serious renal or urological disease
UTI
Malignancy

Question 7

When is urine pH lowest?

Answer 7

After overnight fast

Question 8

When is urine pH highest ?

Answer 8

After meals

Question 9

If urine Is strongly acidic , what might this mean?

Answer 9

Uncontrolled diabetes
Starvation
Dehydration

Question 10

If you persistently have positive urinary protein , what might this indicate?

Answer 10

Renal disease
UTI
Hypertension
Congestive heart failure

Question 11

Is urobilinogen normally in urine ?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What do increased levels of urobilinogen indicate?

Answer 12

Liver abnormalities

Excessive destruction of red blood cells e.g in haemolytic anaemia

Question 13

What do you have if you have nitrites in your blood?

Answer 13

UTI

Question 14

What type of bacteria convert nitrates into nitrites?

Answer 14

Gram negative bacteria

Question 15

What do leucocytes in the urine suggest ?

Answer 15

UTI

Or inflammatory condition

Question 16

If leucocytes are found in urine what other 3 tests should be noted?

Answer 16

Nitrite
Blood
Protein

Question 17

Red pee

Answer 17

Haemoglobin
Myoglobin
After eating beet root

Question 18

Smokey red pee

Answer 18

Intact red cells

Question 19

Orange pee

Answer 19

Anthraquinones such has cascara and danthron used in laxatives

Question 20

Pink pee

Answer 20

Phenolphthalein

Question 21

Yellow pee

Answer 21

Bilirubin

Question 22

Blue/green pee

Answer 22

Methylene blue ( in liver pills)

Question 23

Brown pee

Answer 23

Lacking L-dopa

Homogentistic acid

Question 24

What can make pee cloudy or hazy ?

Answer 24

Suspended particles

Question 25

Best sample for glucose

Answer 25

Second voided

Question 26

Best sample for protein and nitrite

Answer 26

First morning

Question 27

What must you do before testing urine?

Answer 27

Allow to warm to room temperature

Question 28

What could glucose in urine indicate?

Answer 28

``` Diabetes Stress Pregnancy Cushings syndrome Post general anaesthesia Acute pancreatitis ```