Salt and water balance

Question 1

does water follow sodium or does sodium follow water?

Answer 1

WATER follows SODIUM everywhere

Question 2

what type of activity controls sodium levels?

Answer 2

mineralocorticoid activity

Question 3

what is the main steroid involved in mineralacocorticoid activity?

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

too much mineralocorticoid activity=?

Answer 4

sodium retention

Question 5

too little mineralocorticoid activity=?

Answer 5

sodium loss

Question 6

if there is sodium loss there is also what?

Answer 6

water loss

Question 7

what hormone controls water balance

Answer 7

ADH

Question 8

how does ADH work?

Answer 8

acts on renal tubules to cause water reabsorption

Question 9

which part of pituitary does ADH come from?

Answer 9

posterior

Question 10

increased ADH does what to urine?

Answer 10

makes it more concentrated because less water in urine

Question 11

decreased ADH does what to urine?

Answer 11

make it more dilute because more water in urine

Question 12

what 2 things can cause decreased sodium concentration?

Answer 12

too much water

too little sodium

Question 13

what 2 things can cause increase in sodium concentration?

Answer 13

too little water

too much sodium

Question 14

malaise
tiredness
weight loss
decreased appetite
looks TANNED
craves salty food
low BP which falls more upon standing

Answer 14

ADDISONS!!!

Question 15

what are the 2 stimuli for ADH release?

Answer 15

osmotic - in health

non osmotic- in disease- pain, vomiting, hyoptension

Question 16

what us SIAD syndrome

Answer 16

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis

Question 17

what is the basic problem causing too little water in diabetes insipidus?

Answer 17

disruption of pituitary /pit stalk so ADH cant be secreted so no water reabsorption and lots of water lost in urine

Question 18

what are the 3 volume statuses?

Answer 18

hypovolaemic
euvolaemic
hypervolaemic

Question 19

hypovolaemia in hyponatraemia

Answer 19

too little sodium

Question 20

how is hypervolaemia often seen?

Answer 20

oedema

Question 21

if you suspect adrenal failure what should you measure?

Answer 21

cortisol and ACTH

Question 22

if too little sodium what do you do?

Answer 22

give sodium

Question 23

of too much water what do you do?

Answer 23

fluid restriction

Question 24

if too little water what do you do?

Answer 24

get rid of excess

Question 25

of too much sodium what do you do?

Answer 25

get rid of excess . use diuretics the replace water