Diabetes complications Flashcards
what are the main 3 microvascular complications?
neuropathy
nephropathy
retinopathy
what are the 4 types of neuropathy?
peripheral
autonomic
proximal
focal
what is peripheral neuropathy?
peripheral nerve damage
usually pain/loss of feeling in hands and feet
symptoms of peripheral neuropathy?
numbness loss of feeling tingling/burning sharp pains or cramps sensitive to touch loss of balance and coordination
what is autonomic neuropathy?
changes in bowel habit, bladder function, sexual response, sweating, heart rate BP, hypoglycaemic unawareness
what is gustatory sweating
sweating after just eaten
what is proximal neuropathy?
wasting of muscles/ pain in thighs, hips or buttocks leading to weakness in legs
what is focal neuropathy?
sudden weakness in 1 nerve group or in 1 nerve causing muscle weakness or pain e.g carpal tunnel
diabetic with hot red swollen foot
charcot
what is charcots foot
collapse of mid foot
it is a inflammatory problem
consequences of diabetic nephropathy?
get high blood pressure
decline in renal function
accelerated vascular disease
what do you use to screen for diabetic kidney disease?
albumin creatinine ratio
false positives for microalbuminuria?
menstruation vaginal discharge UTI pregnancy other illnesses
what treatment should we consider for people with microalbuminuria/proteinuria?
ACE inhibitors! or ARBs
what eye pathologies do people with diabetes get?
diabetic retinoptahy
cataract-clouding of the lens
glaucoma- increase in fluid pressure in eye leading to optic nerve damage
acute hyperglycaemia-visual blurring
