thyroid pathology

Question 1

what do parafollcular cells ( C cells ) secrete?

Answer 1

calcitonin

Question 2

what does cAMP do you levels of thyroid hormones?

Answer 2

increases them

Question 3

what does this cause

? Hashimotos thyroiditis

Answer 3

hypthyroidism

Question 4

what does this cause?

Graves?

Answer 4

hyperthyroidism

Question 5

antibodies to TSH receptor?

Answer 5

graves

Question 6

anti thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-peroxidase

Answer 6

hashimotos

Question 7

any enlargement of thyroid

Answer 7

goitre

Question 8

what stimulate gland enlargement?

Answer 8

low T3/4 levels cause a rise in TSH stimulating a growth in size

Question 9

discrete solitary mass

encapsulated by a surrounding collagen cuff

composed of neoplastic thyroid follicles

can secrete thyroid hormones

Answer 9

thyroid adenoma

Question 10

what are the 4 types of thryoid carcinoma?

Answer 10

papillary
follicular
medullary
anaplastic

Question 11

most common thyroid cancer

Answer 11

papillary carcinoma

Question 12

usually solitary nodule in thyroid which can be cystic of calcified

sometimes present with lymph node metastases

Answer 12

papillary carcinoma

Question 13

second most common thyroid cancer

Answer 13

follicular carcinoma

Question 14

usually a single nodule
slow enlarging
painless
rare lymphatic spread
but can spread by blood to bone lungs and liver

Answer 14

follicular carcinoma

Question 15

what carcinoma is derived from C cells? and can secrete calcitonin

Answer 15

medullary carcinoma

Question 16

what carcinoma is associated with amyloid deposition?

and is usallu aggressive

Answer 16

medullary carcinoma

Question 17

undifferentiated and aggressive tumours
usually in older patients

rapid growth and involvement of neck structures and death

Answer 17

anaplastic carcinoma

Question 18

thy 1

Answer 18

insufficient/cant interpret

Question 19

thy2-

Answer 19

benign

Question 20

thy3

Answer 20

probably benign

Question 21

thy4

Answer 21

suspicious of malignancy

Question 22

thy 5

Answer 22

malignant

Question 23

how many glands are in a normal parathyrid?

Answer 23

4

Question 24

what cells is the parathyroid composed of?

Answer 24

chief cells

Question 25

what do chief cells secrete?

Answer 25

PTH

act on calcium homeostasis

Question 26

what 2 things tend to cause hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 26

adenoma

hyperplasia