thyroid pathology Flashcards
what do parafollcular cells ( C cells ) secrete?
calcitonin
what does cAMP do you levels of thyroid hormones?
increases them
what does this cause
? Hashimotos thyroiditis
hypthyroidism
what does this cause?
Graves?
hyperthyroidism
antibodies to TSH receptor?
graves
anti thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-peroxidase
hashimotos
any enlargement of thyroid
goitre
what stimulate gland enlargement?
low T3/4 levels cause a rise in TSH stimulating a growth in size
discrete solitary mass
encapsulated by a surrounding collagen cuff
composed of neoplastic thyroid follicles
can secrete thyroid hormones
thyroid adenoma
what are the 4 types of thryoid carcinoma?
papillary
follicular
medullary
anaplastic
most common thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
usually solitary nodule in thyroid which can be cystic of calcified
sometimes present with lymph node metastases
papillary carcinoma
second most common thyroid cancer
follicular carcinoma
usually a single nodule slow enlarging painless rare lymphatic spread but can spread by blood to bone lungs and liver
follicular carcinoma
what carcinoma is derived from C cells? and can secrete calcitonin
medullary carcinoma
what carcinoma is associated with amyloid deposition?
and is usallu aggressive
medullary carcinoma
undifferentiated and aggressive tumours
usually in older patients
rapid growth and involvement of neck structures and death
anaplastic carcinoma
thy 1
insufficient/cant interpret
thy2-
benign
thy3
probably benign
thy4
suspicious of malignancy
thy 5
malignant
how many glands are in a normal parathyrid?
4
what cells is the parathyroid composed of?
chief cells
what do chief cells secrete?
PTH
act on calcium homeostasis
what 2 things tend to cause hyperparathyroidism?
adenoma
hyperplasia
