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Endocrine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 parts of the brain stem (top to bottom)?

A

mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata

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2
Q

thalmus+hypothalamus=?

A

diencephalon

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3
Q

what joins the hypothalmus to the pituitary?

A

infundibulum

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4
Q

where is the pituitary gland?

A

in pituitary fossa in sphenoid bone

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5
Q

what does the pituitary fossa lie in?

A

sella turica

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6
Q

what does the pituitary gland lie immediately inferior to?

A

optic chiasm

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7
Q

what forms the optic chiasm?

A

the right and left optic nerves

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8
Q

what is bitemporal hemianopia?

A

there is disrupted transmission of action potentials from nasal retina bilaterally

means patient loses ability to see structure in temporal side of visual field bilaterally

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9
Q

what are the 2 surgical approaches to reaching the pituitary?

A

transcranial ( under frontal lobe)

transspherical (via nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus)

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10
Q

what makes the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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11
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled spaces within the bone surrounding nasal cavities

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12
Q

name the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ethmoidal air spaces
sphenoid sinuses

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13
Q

what is the tentorium cerebelli/

A

tough sheet of dura matter that “tents” over cerebellum

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14
Q

what are the dural venous sinuses?

A

venous channels in dura matter that drain most of the blood from the cranial cavity into the internal jugular veins at the jugular foraminae

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15
Q

what happens if optic chiasm is injured?

A

bitemporal hemianopia

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16
Q

what happens if oculomotor nerve is injured?

A

problems with eye movements

dilated pupil

17
Q

what happens if trochlear nerve is injured?

A

problems with specific aye movements

18
Q

what happens if trigeminal nerve is injured?

A

difficulty chewing

sensory symptoms of face

19
Q

what happens id abducent nerve is injured?

A

problems with specific eye movements

20
Q

what happens id cavernous sinus is injured?

A

venous haemorrhage

21
Q

what happens if internal carotid is injured?

A

catastrophic haemorrhage

22
Q

what happens if dura matter is injured?

A

cerebrospinal fluid leak

23
Q

what does the thyroid gland consist of?

A

2 lobes and isthmus

24
Q

where do the lobes of the thyroid gland attach to?

A

lateral aspects of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

25
Q

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4- R+L superior and inferior

26
Q

what vertebral level do you find the thyroid at?

A

C7

27
Q

what muscles are located immediately deep to the skin within the superficial fascia of the neck?

A

platysma muscles

28
Q

what groups of muscles do the platysma muscles belong to?

A

muscles of facial expression

29
Q

what nerve innervates the platysma muscles

A

facial nerve- (CN 7)

30
Q

name the 4 fascial compartments of the neck

A

prevertebral
investing deep
2 carotid sheaths
pretracheal

31
Q

what arteries supply the thyroid gland?

A

inferior and superior thyroid arteries

superior from external carotid

32
Q

describe the venous drainage from the thyroid gland?

A

right and left superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

33
Q

what lymph nodes are around the thyroid gland? (4)

A

superior deep lymph nodes
inferior deep lymph nodes
pretracheal
paratracheal nodes

34
Q

where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve recur?

A

under arch of aorta

35
Q

where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve recur?

A

under subclavian vein

36
Q

where/how is a thyroidectomy incision made?

A

“collar “ incision

just superior to clavicles and jugular notche

37
Q

what does a unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury cause?

A

hoarseness
weakness of voice
weak cough

38
Q

what does a biilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury cause?

A

aphonia- cant produce sound

Endocrine (29 decks)

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