reproductive online modules

Question 1

what 5 things should you ask about in a gynae history?

Answer 1

menstrual cycle
cervical smear
sexual history
any treatment/surgery
obstetric history

Question 2

oligomenorrhoea and hyperandrogenism are key features of what?

Answer 2

polycystic ovaries

Question 3

differential for infertility?

Answer 3

polycystic ovaries 
pelvic inflammatory disease
premature ovarian failure
hyperprolactaemia
pregancy

Question 4

most common cause of female infertility?

Answer 4

polycystic ovaries

Question 5

to be diagnosed with PCOS you must have 2 out of what 3 things?

Answer 5

oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea

hyperandrogenism (acne, hairy )

polycystic ovaries on ultrasound

Question 6

what is menarche

Answer 6

when you start your period

Question 7

what triggers menarche?

Answer 7

GnRH which is released by hypothalamus

Question 8

what does an ovarian follicle consist of?

Answer 8

an oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and theca cells

Question 9

what do theca cells produce?

Answer 9

androgens (which are then converted to oestrogens by granulosa cells via acromatase enzyme)

Question 10

when is ovulation day?

Answer 10

12-14

Question 11

what does LH cause theca cells to do?

Answer 11

produce androgens

Question 12

what does FSH cause granulosa cells to do?

Answer 12

covert androgens to oestrogens

Question 13

what does too much oestrogen inhibit?

Answer 13

FSH

Question 14

what triggers ovulation

Answer 14

surge in LH

Question 15

2 phases of menstrual cycle?

Answer 15

follicular phase

luteal phase

Question 16

what does the remaining follicle turn into in the luteal phase?

Answer 16

corpus luteum

Question 17

what hormone does the corpus luteum release?

Answer 17

progesterone

Question 18

what happens to endometrium in the luteal phase?

Answer 18

thickness increases

Question 19

what does high levels of progesterone do?

Answer 19

inhibit FSH and LH

Question 20

if no fertilisation what happens to corpus luteum?

Answer 20

degenerate which eventually leads to bleeding (period time!)

Question 21

why does increase in androgens make you hairy?

Answer 21

because increase in androgens =increase testosterone which gives you more hair (esp on your face)

Question 22

most appropriate investigation for PCOS?

Answer 22

transvaginal ultrasounnd

Question 23

is PCOS usually unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 23

bilateral

Question 24

how can you manage hyperandrogenism?

Answer 24

contraceptive pill alone or in combination with an anit androgen

Question 25

what can cause premature ovarian failure?

Answer 25

idiopathic
Iatrogenic-surgery, CHEMO, radiation
genetic-turners
autoimmune

Question 26

how can you treaat premature ovarian failure?

Answer 26

hormone replacement

Question 27

why is there a risk of osteoporosis after menopause?

Answer 27

decrease in oestrogen