Urinary Tract Flashcards
What are the 4 main components of the urinary tract?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
What are 4 functions of the urinary system?
- Removal of waste products
- Regulation of electrolyte balance
- Regulation of acid-base homeostasis
- Control blood volume
What separates kidney from pleural cavity and 11th and 12th ribs?
Diaphragm
What three muscles are found posterior to kidneys from medial aspect to lateral aspect?
- Psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
- Transversus abdominis
What 3 nerves descend posterior to the kidney?
- Subcostal
- Iliohypogastric
- Ilioinguinal
What is the main difference between left and right suprarenal veins?
Right suprarenal vein drains directly into IVC while left suprarenal vein drains into left renal vein
What is the main difference between left and right gonadal veins?
Right gonadal vein drains directly into IVC while left gonadal vein drains into left renal vein
What is the order of the 3 structures entering the hilum of the kidney from anterior to posterior?
- Renal vein
- Renal artery
- Ureter
What are ureters?
Paired muscular tubes which carry urine from kidney to bladder
How is urine transported along ureter?
Peristaltic action
Where do they pass through the pelvis?
Anterior to common iliac arteries
Name 3 constrictions of the ureter
- Pelviureteric junction
- Vesicoureteric junction
- Ureter crossing common iliac artery
What is the pelviureteric junction?
Junction between renal pelvis and ureter
What is the vesicoureteric junction?
Junction as ureter obliquely enters bladder wall
What problem can arise in the constrictions of the ureter?
Stones are more likely to get stuck here
Name 3 parts of the ureter
- Abdominal ureter
- Pelvic ureter
- Intravesical ureter
Where does the abdominal ureter become the pelvic ureter?
Pelvic brim
Where does the pelvic ureter becomes the intravesical ureter?
Bladder
Give an account of the ureters descent course
- Runs along medial aspect of psoas muscle
- Enters pelvis anteriorly to sacroiliac joint
- Continues anteriorly to internal iliac artery
- At ischial spin turns forward and medially to enter posterolateral wall of bladder
Where is the bladder located in females?
Behind the pubic bone
Where does the bladder lie in adults when its empty?
Pelvis
Where does the bladder lie in adults when it begins to fill?
Superior wall rises into hypogastric region
Where does the bladder always lie in young children?
Always projects above pelvic inlet
Where do the ureters pierce the bladder?
Postolateral surface
What is the Urachus?
Connection between urinary bladder and umbilicus before birth which becomes a ligament after birth
What is the vas deferens?
Connects testes to urethra
What are the 2 the lateral relations of the urinary bladder in males and females?
- Obturator internus
2. Levator ani
What is the superior relation of the urinary bladder in females?
Uterus
What is the posterior relation of the urinary bladder in females?
Vagina
What are the 3 superior relation of the urinary bladder in males?
- Peritoneum
- Coils of ileum
- Sigmoid colon
What are the 5 posterior relations of the urinary bladder in males?
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicle
- Rectum
- Rectovesical fascia
- Peritoneum
What are the 2 anterior relation of the urinary bladder in males and females?
- Symphysis pubis
2. Retropubic fat
What is the inferior relation of the urinary bladder in males?
Prostate gland
What is the muscle of the bladder wall called?
Detrusor muscle
Where is the detrusor muscle thickened?
Neck
Why is the detrusor muscle thickened?
Form involuntary internal urethral sphincter
What is trigone of the urinary bladder?
Triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and urethra
Why do female pelvises lie lower than males?
Absence of prostate
In females, what is the space between the uterus and rectum called in females?
Douglas pouch
In females, what is the space between the uterus and bladder called in females?
Vesicouterine pouch
In males, what is the space between the rectum and bladder called in females?
Rectovesical pouch
